PERSEPSI PENGGUNA TERHADAP KUALITAS RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK DI KOMPLEK ALUN-ALUN UTARA SURAKARTA

GHUFRONI ARSYAD, Dr.-Eng.,Ir. Ahmad Sarwadi, M.Eng.

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER ARSITEKTUR

Alun-alun (Square) merupakan ruang terbuka publik strategis di pusat kota jawa yang berfungsi sebagai pusat kegiatan sosio-cultural masyarakat. di komplek alun-alun utara Surakarta terdapat fenomena pola konfigurasi spasial yaitu pola aktifitas dan seting fisik pada area alun-alun terhadap fasilitas di sekelilingnya yaitu keraton, masjid, pasar, bangsal, kios dan sarana fasilitas bagian dari keraton. Permasalahannya yaitu diindikasikan adanya penurunan kualitas ruang yang buruk ketika dijadikan sebagai relokasi pasar klewer pasca terbakar sehingga terdapat perbedaan pola sebaran aktiftas yang bersifat spontanitas di beberapa area ruang terbuka sekitarnya. maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui Indeks kualitas ruang terbuka publik bedasarkan persepsi pengguna dan Faktor elemen penting yang mempengaruhi persepsi pengguna dalam memilih ruang terbuka publik. Studi menggunakan metoda kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui masalah dan persepsi pengguna terhadap pengguna ruang sedangkan Persepsi tersebut dikaitkan dengan seting fisik dan non fisik dengan teknik sampling acak sejumlah 100 Pengunjung dan 33 Pedagang. Pengujian dan analisa metode kuantitatif digunakan sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dilapangan di analisis dengan Multidimensional scaling (MdS) pada SPSS untuk melihat pola konfigurasi, tingkat Strees dan RSQ dari peta persepsi untuk mendapat tingkat kepentinganya. Hasil studi menunjukan index kualitas ruang terbuka publik menurut Persepsi Pengunjung Aspek Needs 49,93%, Aspek Rights 55,67%, Aspek Meanings 56,74% sedangkan menurut Persepsi Pedagang Aspek Needs 53,13%, Aspek Rights 54,39%, Aspek Meanings 54,38%. Nilai terendah untuk elemen ruang terbuka publik menurut Pengunjung Fasilitas Parkir 36,80% dan menurut pedagang fasilitas parkir 36,97% dan nilai tertinggi menurut pengunjung luasan ruang terbuka 77,80% mneurut pedagang kemudahan akses 85,45%. Hasil Penskalaan pada Multidimensional Scaling nilai STRESS 0,47086 dan RSQ 0,35845. Faktor elemen penting bedasarkan persepsi pengguna dalam memilih ruang terbuka publik menurut pengunjung Pedestrian Ways (peringkat 1) dan menurut pedagang Pedestrian Ways (peringkat 1). Fasilitas parkir (peringkat 2) dan nilainya paling rendah dimana tingkat kepentingan sangat penting. Tempat makan minum (peringkat 2) oleh pedagang. Kesimpulanya kualitas ruang terbuka publik di komplek alun-alun utara surakarta yaitu cukup. elemen yang berpengaruh di ruang terbuka publik yaitu Pedestrian Ways ,fasilitas parkir,dan tempat makan/minum. Persepsei pengguna dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan dan kondisi elemen pembentuk ruang terbuka publik yang ada. Sedangkan penilain Persepsi serta tingkat kepentingan sangat erat kaitanya oleh pengalaman dan latar belakang pengguna.

Square (Alun-Alun) is a strategic public open space in the center of Java that functions as a center for socio-cultural activities. in complex of north Surakarta square, there is a phenomenon of spatial configuration patterns that is the pattern of activity and physical settings in the area of the square to the surrounding facilities, the palace, mosque, market, wards, kiosks and facilities part of the palace. The problem is that it is indicated that there is a decrease in the quality of poor space when used as a relocation of the Klewer market after burning so that there are differences in the distribution pattern of spontaneous activity in several areas of the surrounding open space. Based on this background, a study was conducted to find out the index of the quality of public open space based on user perceptions, the level of responsibility, democracy, meaningfuly and important element factors that influence user perceptions in choosing public open spaces. The study uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative method approach is used to find out the problem and user perception of space users while the perception is associated with physical and non-physical settings with a random sampling technique of 100 Visitors and 33 Traders. In testing and analysis of quantitative methods that are used as primary data obtained in the field are analyzed by multidimensional scaling (MdS) in SPSS to see configuration patterns, levels, and RSQ from the point of view to obtain the level of importance. The results of the study show the quality index of public open space according to Visitor Perceptions of Aspects of Need 49.93%, Rights Aspect 55.67%, Aspects of Meaning 56.74% according to Traders' Perceptions of Needs Aspects 53.13%, Right Aspects 54.39%, Aspects of Meanings 54.38%. The lowest value for elements of public space according to Visitors Parking Facilities 36.80% and according to sellers of parking facilities 36.97% and the highest value according to visitors open space 77.80% according to traders free access 85.45%. Scaling Results on Multidimensional Scaling STRESS values 0.47086 and RSQ 0.35845. Pedestrian Ways (rank 1) and according to Pedestrian Ways traders (rank 1). Parking facilities (rank 2) and the lowest value where the level of importance is very important. Places to eat (rank 2) by traders. The conclusion is that the quality of public open space in the complex in the northern plaza of Surakarta is sufficient. elements that discuss public open spaces, namely Pedestrian Ways, parking facilities, and places to eat / drink. The user's perception of the quality of public open space is related to the terms and conditions of the elements forming the existing public open space. While the assessment of Perception and the level of importance is very closely related to the user's experience and background.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi ,Kualitas, Ruang terbuka publik, Multidimensional Scaling, Alun-Alun.