The Importance of the Definition of Term "Accident" Governing International Air Carrier Liability Towards Death or Injury of a Passenger in the Implementing Regulation of the Montreal Convention 1999 in Indonesia

NADYA AZKIA ZAHRA, Karina Dwi Nugrahati Putri, S.H., LL.M., M. Dev. Prac. (Adv.)

2019 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bagaimana istilah "kecelakaan" seharusnya diatur dalam peraturan pelaksana Konvensi Montreal 1999 di Indonesia. Penelitian hukum ini menganalisis permasalahan terkait dengan tidak adanya definisi istilah "kecelakaan" yang diatur dalam Pasal 17 paragraf 1 Konvensi Montreal 1999, serta menganalisis unsur yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam mendefinisikan istilah "kecelakaan". Penelitian hukum ini dilakukan dengan metode normatif-empiris dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan ahli dan profesional di bidang hukum penerbangan, terutama yang terkait dengan tanggung jawab pengangkut udara internasional dan Konvensi Montreal 1999. Data sekunder didapatkan melalui analisis terhadap literatur hukum, buku, jurnal, dan sumber lainnya. Penelitian hukum ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama, meskipun kasus Air France v. Saks telah menghasilkan definisi istilah "kecelakaan", masih terdapat permasalahan-permasalahan dalam penentuan definisi istilah "kecelakaan" diantaranya adalah: ketidakpastian unsur penentu istilah "kecelakaan"; luasnya interpretasi istilah "kecelakaan"; serta kemungkinan putusan berbeda pada kasus serupa terkait dengan istilah "kecelakaan". Kedua, permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut berdampak bagi para pihak yang terkait dengan istilah "kecelakaan" sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan akan diaturnya definisi istilah "kecelakaan" dalam peraturan implementasi Konvensi Montreal 1999 di Indonesia. Selanjutnya, dalam menentukan definisi istilah "kecelakaan", unsur-unsur definisi istilah "kecelakaan" dari kasus Air France v. Saks dan putusan yang sebelumnya telah mendefinisikan istilah "kecelakaan" penting untuk dipertimbangkan.

The purpose of this Legal Research is to determine how term "accident" must be regulated in the implementing regulation of the Montreal Convention 1999 in Indonesia. This Legal Research analyzes the problem related to the absence of the definition of term "accident" stipulated in Article 17 paragraph 1 of the Montreal Convention 1999 that has not been defined by the Convention, as well as the elements that must be considered in defining term "accident". This Legal Research is conducted using the normative-empirical method by using the primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews with experts and professionals in the field of aviation law, especially those related to international air carrier liability and the Montreal Convention 1999. While secondary data were obtained through analysis of legal literatures, books, journals, and other sources. This Legal Research concludes that first, although the case of Air France v. Saks has provided the definition of term "accident", there are still problems in determining term "accident", such as: the uncertainty in the elements of term "accident"; the broad scope of air carrier liability; and the possibility of different decision for similar cases related to term "accident". Second, the problems affect the parties related to term "accident" which raises the need to regulate the definition of term "accident" in the implementing regulation of the Montreal Convention 1999 in Indonesia. Furthermore, in determining the definition of term "accident", it is necessary to consider the elements of the definition from Air France v. Saks and other elements that have been used by the previous decisions that have determined term "accident".

Kata Kunci : Liability, International Air Carrier, Accident, Passenger, Montreal Convention 1999.