ORIENTASI KARIR PROTEAN DAN KOMITMEN AFEKTIF: PERAN PEMODERASIAN DESAIN PEKERJAAN OTONOMI DAN PEMEDIASIAN MOTIVASI INTRINSIK

NIA ARIYANI ERLIN, Sari Sitalaksmi, M.Mgt., Ph.D

2019 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS MANAJEMEN

Perubahan saat ini berlangsung sangat masif, bahkan telah sampai pada perubahan pandangan individu tentang karir. Orientasi karir protean adalah salah satu bentuk pandangan baru individu terhadap karir. Pandangan ini menilai individu adalah yang bertanggungjawab mengelola karirnya sendiri, bukan lagi organisasi. Individu berorientasi karir protean seringkali dinilai berkomitmen rendah pada organisasinya. Namun, terdapat inkonsistensi (pengaruh positif, negatif, dan tidak signifikan) pada beberapa penelitian yang meneliti tentang orientasi karir protean. Penelitian ini menyakini orientasi karir protean dapat berpengaruh positif pada komitmen afektif. Pengaruh positif ini dijelaskan secara sistematis melalui mekanisme moderated-mediation dengan melibatkan variabel pemediasi motivasi intrinsik yang sebelumnya telah termoderasi variabel desain pekerjaan otonomi. Menggunakan sampel milenial yang bekerja di start-up sebanyak 111 responden, empat dari lima hipotesis penelitian ini didukung, sementara satu hipotesis didukung parsial. Orientasi karir protean dapat berpengaruh positif pada komitmen afektif dikarenakan milenial berorientasi karir protean memiliki motivasi intrinsik dalam diri yang dikuatkan oleh moderasi desain pekerjaan otonomi dalam taraf rendah. Ada tiga kebaruan yang dihadirkan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, penjelasan pengaruh positif orientasi karir protean pada komitmen afektif menggunakan model moderated-mediation dianalisis dengan menggunakan dukungan menu Macro PROCESS di SPSS. Kedua, sampel penelitian adalah milenial yang bekerja di start-up yang masih jarang diteliti pada topik tentang orientasi karir protean. Ketiga, fenomena mengenai pendefinisian komitmen afektif yang berbeda oleh kaum milenial. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan pada jumlah sampel yang tidak terlalu besar, kemudian tidak meneliti variabel lain yang mungkin terkait dengan orientasi karir protean (misal: komitmen normatif, komitmen berkelanjutan, dan komitmen profesional).

The massive change today has been leading to the change of the individual perception toward career. Protean career orientation is one of the perception about career, which concept the person it self take the charge to manage their own career, not organization. Person with protean career orientation stereotype will has weaker commitment toward their organization. However, there are inconsistency (positive, negatif, not significant) in several research which study about this topic. This research believes that protean career orientation has positif effect to affective commitment. This positive is elaborated sistematically through the mechanism of moderated-mediation by involving intrinsic motivation as mediating variabel which has previously been moderated by job autonomy design. The sample of the research was millenial who are working for start-up. Based on the running data from 111 sample, four among five hyphothesis was supported, and one of them was supported partially. Protean career orientation could influence positively to affective commitment because millenial wih protean career orientation are having instrinsic motivation within theirselves which previously strengthen by job autonomy design in low level. The novelty presented by this research is the explanation of positive influence of protean career orientation with moderated-mediation model with the help of a Macro (PROCESS) in SPSS. Millenial who were working in startup as the sample in this research was rarely investigate in previous research. Moreover, the shifting phonomenen about the definition of affective commitment in millenial thought. The research has limitation in the number of sample which is not too much, and te research also not providing the analysis of other type of commitment which supposed to related to protean career orientation topic (e.g. normative commitment, continuance commitment, and professional commitment).

Kata Kunci : The massive change today has been leading to the change of the individual perception toward career. Protean career orientation is one of the perception about career, which concept the person it self take the charge to manage their own career, not organiza