Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Antosianin pada Calyx Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Hasil Perlakuan Methyl Jasmonate

Diva Pungky Wicaksono , Dr. Kumala Dewi, M.Sc.St.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki batang dan calyx berwarna merah tua hingga keunguan. Warna tersebut disebabkan karena kandungan antosanin. Peningkatan kualitas tanaman rosella dapat dilakukan dalam hal peningkatan kandungan antosianin calyx rosella. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kandungan antosianin pada rosella melalui aplikasi hormon methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh MeJA dalam berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar asam askorbat rosella, serta mengetahui korelasi antara konsentrasi MeJA terhadap kadar antosianin. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan variasi faktor perlakuan MeJA 0 ppm, 12,5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, atau 100 ppm dengan 5 ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan varietas ROSELINDO 2. Biji dikecambahkan pada polybag, pada umur 2 minggu dipindahkan ke lahan dan diberi perlakuan MeJA pada umur 8 dan 12 minggu setelah tanam. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot basah calyx, bobot kering calyx, bobot basah daun, dan bobot kering daun. Keberadaan antosianin secara kualitatif diamati dengan cara calyx diiris melintang dengan metode free-hand section. Kandungan antosianin secara kuantitatif diukur dengan metode HPLC, kadar klorofil diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri, dan kandungan asam askorbat diukur dengan metode titrasi iodometri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf 5% apabila terdapat beda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan MeJA 100 ppm signifikan dalam menurunkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, sedangkan luas daun, bobot basah dan bobot kering daun, serta bobot basah dan bobot kering calyx mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan kontrol. Kadar antosianin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi MeJA. Perlakuan MeJA hingga 100 ppm secara signifikan juga meningkatkan kadar asam askorbat. Antosianin yang ditemukan pada calyx rosella yaitu delphinidin 3 sambubioside, delphinidin 3 glucoside, cyanidin 3 sambubioside, dan cyanidin 3 glucoside. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa MeJA meningkatkan kualitas rosella terutama dalam peningkatan kandungan antosianin.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant that has stems and calyx in dark red to purple color. The color of calyx is due to the occurence of anthocyanin in the calyx. To increased quality of roselle, increasing anthocyanin content in roselle calyx is important. Increasing the anthocyanin content in roselle can be done by application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of MeJA in various concentrations on growth and ascorbic acid levels, and determine the correlation between MeJA and anthocyanin levels. This study were conducted based on complete randomized design with variations of MeJA treatment factors of 0 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, or 100 ppm, with 5 replications for each treatment using ROSELINDO 2 variety. Seeds were germinated on polybag, at 2 weeks old was transferred to the field and treated with MeJA at 8 and 12 weeks after planting. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area , calyx fresh weight, calyx dry weight, leaf fresh weight, and leaf dry weight were measured as growth parameters. Calyx were cross-sectioned by free-hand section method and then the occurence of anthocyanin was observed qualitatively. Quantitative anthocyanin content were measured by HPLC method, chlorophyll content were determined by spectrophotometric method, and ascorbic acid content were determined by iodometric titration method. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA at 95% confidence level and continued with DMRT test at 5% level if there weas significant differences. The results showed that MeJA 100 ppm treatment was significant in reducing plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves, and fresh and dry weight of calyx increased compared to controls. Anthocyanin levels was increase along with increased of MeJA consentration. MeJA treatment MeJA until 100 ppm treatment significantly increased levels of ascorbic acid. Anthocyanins found in calyx of roselle are delphinidin 3 sambubioside, delphinidin 3 glucoside, cyanidin 3 sambubioside, and cyanidin 3 glucoside. Based on these results, it can be concluded that MeJA improved the quality of roselle especially in increasing anthocyanin content.

Kata Kunci : Hibiscus sabdariffa L., antosianin, methyl jasmonate, asam askorbat