Prarancangan Pabrik Diphenyl dari Benzena melalui Proses Thermal Dehydrogenation of Benzene Kapasitas 10.000 Ton/Tahun

Renanda Cakra Bagaskara, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Y., S.T., M.T., D.Eng.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Diphenyl merupakan suatu senyawa hidrokarbon yang terdiri dari dua cincin benzena dengan rumus molekul C12H10. Senyawa dengan nama lain biphenyl ini memiliki wujud padat pada kondisi atmorferis, berwarna putih, serta memiliki bau yang khas. Diphenyl memiliki manfaat yang banyak dan pada pabrik ini, diphenyl diproduksi untuk memenuhi keperluan industri penghasil thermal fluid dan industri pewarna tekstil didalam maupun diluar negeri. Kapasitas pabrik yang akan didirikan adalah 10.000 ton/tahun dengan menggunakan proses reaksi thermal dehydrogenation dan akan didirikan di daerah Kawasan Industri Cilacap. Selain thermal dehydrogenation, untuk memproduksi benzene dapat menggunakan proses Ullmanns Reaction, Dimerization of Benzene, dan Fittig Reaction. Bahan baku pabrik diphenyl ini adalah benzena dengan kemurnian 99,9% (w/w) dan produk diphenyl dengan kemurnian 99,9% (w/w). Proses produksi diphenyl melibatkan tiga tahapan proses utama yaitu persiapan bahan baku dengan evaporasi, sintesis dengan mereaksikan bahan baku didalam furnace reactor pada suhu 550 C, dan pemisahan produk berupa gas hidrogen, benzena, diphenyl, dan terphenyl dengan menggunakan menara distilasi. Utilitas didalam pabrik ini berupa air dengan kebutuhan 1605 kg/jam, listrik dengan kebutuhan 460,58 Hp, dan bahan bakar gas alam sebesar dengan kebutuhan 426.80 kg/jam . Pemenuhan air dilakukan dengan mengolah air laut, kebutuhan listrik dipenuhi dari pembangkit listrik Karangandri, dan kebutuhan bahan bakar dipenuhi dari pipeline milik Perusahaan Gas Negara. Pabrik ini memiliki Total Fixed Capital sebesar $23.307.563,71 /tahun, Manufacturing cost sebesar $31.886.601,20 /tahun, Working capital sebesar $11.170.314,59 /tahun, Payout Time Before Tax 1,85 tahun, Payout Time After Tax 3,12 tahun, Return on Investment Before Tax 44,10%, Return on Investment After Tax 22,05%, Breakeven Point 39,94%, Shutdown Point 23,93%, dan Discounted Cashflow Rate of Return sebesar 21,17%.

Diphenyl (C10H12) is a hydrocarbon molecule with two benzene rings attached together. This diphenyl has a white color, pleasant odor, and in a solid phase with the room condition. Many things can be done with diphenyl and this plant aim the National and International market of diphenyl as raw material for heat transfer fluid and dye carrier in the textile industry. The capacity of this plant is 10.000 tons/year and using thermal dehydrogenation as a process to produce diphenyl. The plant will be constructed at Cilacap Industrial Estate, Central Java. To produce benzene, there is 4 available reaction route, thermal dehydrogenation of benzene, Ullmans reaction, dimerization of benzene, and Fittig reaction. Benzene with 99,9% (w/w) of purity is used as raw material and diphenyl with 99,9% (w/w) of purity is produced as the main product. The production of diphenyl consists of three main processes: preparation of raw material with evaporation, reaction by reacting benzene vapor in multi-tube furnace reactor at 550 C, and purification of diphenyl from hydrogen, benzene, and terphenyl with a series of distillation columns. The usage of water utility is 1605 kg/hour with 460,58 Hp of an electricity utility and 426,80 kg/hour of the natural gas utility. Water is supplied from a utility section which processe salt water into process water by using a reverse osmosis process. Electricity utility is fulfilled by Karangandri powerplant as a supplier and the fuel utility is taken from the PGN pipeline. Total fixed capital of this plant is $23.307.563,71 /year with $31.886.601,20 /year Manufacturing Cost and $11.170.314,59 /year Working Capital. The values of economic parameter: Payout Time Before Tax 1,85 years, Payout Time After Tax 3,12 yeas, Return on Investment Before Tax 44,10%, Return on Investment After Tax 22,05%, Breakeven Point 39,94%, Shutdown Point 23,93%, and Discounted Cashflow Rate of Return 21,17%.

Kata Kunci : Diphenyl, Thermal Dehydrogenation, Prarancangan Pabrik