FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS PAP SMEAR PADA WANITA SUDAH MENIKAH DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Destin Hidayati, Haryani, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D.; Anita Kustanti S.Kep., Ns.

2019 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu penyumbang kematian wanita terbanyak. Kanker serviks dapat dicegah dengan Pap Smear. Yogyakarta termasuk provinsi dengan prevalensi kanker serviks yang tinggi. Angka Pap Smear di Yogyakarta masih rendah (0,45% dari 80% yang ditargetkan). Akan tetapi penelitian untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku Pap Smear di Yogyakarta masih terbatas terutama di Kabupaten Sleman meskipun Sleman merupakan kabupaten di Yogyakarta dengan prevalensi kanker serviks terbanyak. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku Pap Smear pada wanita sudah menikah di Kabupaten Sleman. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan rancangan cross sectional dan teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan Visual Analogue Scale, Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure dan Health Belief Model versi Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan di 24 Posyandu dan 6 PKK di Kabupaten Sleman pada Agustus-November 2018 dengan total responden 439 wanita. Analisa data menggunakan uji Spearman Rank. Hasil: Hasil uji hubungan antara variabel dengan perilaku Pap Smear adalah usia(p-value: 0,00), keprcayaan kesehatan (persepsi manfaat(p-value: 0,01), persepsi hambatan(p-value: 0,00), persepsi keparahan(p-value: 0,04), motivasi sehat(p-value: 0,00)), pengetahuan (p-value: 0,01) dan kesadaran kanker serviks(p-value: 0,00) dan keinginan Pap Smear(p-value: 0,00). Kesimpulan: Usia, kepercayaan kesehatan (persepi manfaat, persepsi hambatan, persepsi keparahan, motivasi sehat), pengetahuan dan kesadaran kanker serviks dan keinginan Pap Smear memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku Pap Smear pada wanita sudah menikah di Kabupaten Sleman.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the biggest contributors to female mortality. Cervical cancer can be prevented by Pap Smear. Yogyakarta is a province with a high prevalence of cervical cancer. Pap Smear numbers in Yogyakarta are still low (0.45% of the 80% targeted). However, research to look for factors related to Pap Smear behavior in Yogyakarta is still limited, especially in Sleman Regency, although Sleman is a district in Yogyakarta with the highest prevalence of cervical cancer. Research Objectives: To determine the factors associated with Pap smear behavior in married women in Sleman Regency. Method: The study used a quantitative approach, with a cross sectional design and convenience sampling technique. The instrument used the Visual Analogue Scale, the Indonesian version of the Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure and Health Belief Model. The study was conducted in 24 Posyandu in Sleman Regency in August-November 2018 with a total of 439 female respondents. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank test. Results: The test results of the relationship between variables with Pap Smear behavior were age (p-value: 0,00), health trust (perceived benefit (p-value: 0,01), perceived resistance (p-value: 0,00), perception of severity (p-value: 0.04), healthy motivation (p-value: 0.00)), knowledge (p-value: 0.01) and cervical cancer awareness (p-value: 0.00) and desire Pap Smear (p-value: 0,00). Conclusion: Age, health beliefs (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived severity, healthy motivation), cervical cancer awareness and awareness and Pap smear desires have a relationship with Pap smear behavior in married women in Sleman Regency.

Kata Kunci : Kanker Serviks, Kepercayaan Kesehatan, Pap Smear/ Cervical Cancer, Health belief, Pap Smear