Evaluasi Kreativitas Industri Kreatif dengan Pendekatan Kuantitatif

RETNO INDRIARTININGTIAS, Ir. Subagyo, Ph.D.; Budi Hartono, S.T., M.P.M., Ph.D.

2019 | Disertasi | DOKTOR TEKNIK MESIN

Penelitian terdahulu tentang kreativitas organisasi dan knowledge management mengungkapkan bahwa kreativitas organisasi mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi. Penelitian yang lain juga mengungkapkan bahwa kreativitas organisasi dapat dilihat dari tiga level yakni kreativitas individu, kreativitas grup dan kreativitas organisasi. Selain itu penelitian terdahulu juga mengungkapkan bahwa variabel knowledge creation merupakan variabel mediasi yang berkontribusi tidak langsung pada kinerja organisasi melalui kreativitas organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model teoritis yang menggambarkan hubungan variabel kreativitas individu, kreativitas grup, lingkungan internal organisasi, knowledge creation, kreativitas organisasi dan kinerja organisasi. Pengembangan model dilakukan melalui delapan tahap. Pada tahap pertama, model penelitian dibangun dengan berbasis literatur dengan cara membangkitkan semua variabel yang berkontribusi terhadap kreativitas organisasi berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Tahap kedua, identifikasikan variabel penelitian dalam tabulasi. Pada tahap kedua ini, aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi pada kreativitas organisasi disusun menjadi 6 variabel dan 23 prediktor. Tahap ketiga, perancangan instrumen penelitian untuk menguji hubungan kelima variabel terhadap kreativitas organisasi. Tahap ketiga terdiri atas proses translasi instrumen penelitian menggunakan metode two way translation Brislin, serta membuat operasionalisasi variabel-variabel penelitian agar dapat diukur. Tahap keempat, uji coba instrumen penelitian melalui pilot study yang dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tahap kelima, pengolahan data preliminary study dengan menggunakan data awal sebanyak 36 data dan menganalisis dengan metode analisis jalur untuk menangkap fenomena awal hasil pilot study. Tahap keenam, pengumpulkan data utama pada industri kreatif yang ada di wilayah D.I. Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur (termasuk Madura). Tahap ketujuh, pengolahan dan interpretasi data utama. Tahap ketujuh terdiri atas pemeriksaan data, pengolahan data dengan software, uji coba model, membangun model akhir dengan CFA dan menguji kelayakan model menggunakan indeks goodness of fit. Tahap kedelapan membangun framework atau strategi untuk meningkatkan kreativitas industri kreatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas organisasi berpengaruh pada kinerja organisasi. Penelitian juga menunjukkan hasil bahwa proses kreativitas organisasi dipengaruhi oleh dua variabel utama, yakni kreativitas individu dan kreativitas grup. Lingkungan organisasi berpengaruh tidak langsung pada kreativitas organisasi melalui kreativitas individu dan kreativitas grup. Hasil penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu yang menyatakan bahwa lingkungan organisasi berpengaruh pada kreativitas organisasi. Perbedaan hasil penelitian terjadi karena hampir semua industri yang dijadikan sampel penelitian merupakan industri kreatif berukuran kecil. Model yang dihasilkan juga model yang khusus. Model hanya dapat diterapkan pada industri kreatif dengan ukuran mikro dan kecil untuk mengambil keputusan strategis internal perusahaan agar mampu meningkatkan kinerjanya.

Previous studies on organizational creativity and knowledge management revealed that organizational creativity affects organizational performance. Other research also revealed that organizational creativity can be seen from three levels namely individual creativity, group creativity and organizational creativity. In addition, previous research also revealed that the knowledge creation variable is a mediating variable that contributes indirectly to organizational performance through organizational creativity. This study aims to build a theoretical model that describes the relationship among individual creativity, group creativity, organizational internal environment, knowledge creation, organizational creativity and organizational performance. Model development is carried out through eight stages. In the first stage, the research model was built based on literature by generating all the variables that contribute to organizational creativity based on the findings of previous studies. The second stage, identify the research variables in the tabulation. In this second stage, aspects that contribute to organizational creativity are organized into 6 variables and 23 predictors. The third stage, the design of research instruments to test the relationship of the five variables to organizational creativity. The third stage consists of the translation process of research instruments using the two way translation Brislin method, as well as making the operationalization of research variables to be measurable. The fourth stage is the trial of research instruments through pilot study qualitatively and quantitatively. The fifth stage, data processing preliminary study by using preliminary data and using the path analysis method to capture the initial phenomenon of the results of the pilot study. The sixth stage, collecting the main data on the creative industries in the D.I.Y region, Central Java, and East Java (including Madura). The seventh stage, processing and interpreting the main data. The seventh stage consists of checking data, processing data with software, testing the model, building the final model with CFA and testing the feasibility of the model using the index of goodness of fit. The eight stage is building a framework or strategy to enhance the creativity of the creative industry. The results of the study show that organizational creativity influences organizational performance. Research also shows the results that the process of organizational creativity is influenced by two main variables, namely individual creativity and group creativity. The organizational environment has an indirect effect on organizational creativity through individual creativity and group creativity. The results of this study are different from previous studies which stated that the organizational environment influences organizational creativity. The difference in research results occurs because almost all of industries that are used as sample research are small creative industries. The model can only be applied to creative industries with micro and small sizes to take strategic decisions in the company so that they can improve their performance.

Kata Kunci : kreativitas individu, kreativitas grup, lingkungan internal organisasi, knowledge management, kreativitas organisasi, kinerja organisasi/ Keywords: individual creativity, group creativity, organizational internal environment, knowledge management, organiz