pengaruh BTS tower terhadap potensi penurunan nilai properti perumahan

Suguyanto, Eduardus Tandelilin, Prof., Dr., MBA

2008 | Tesis | Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Base Transceiver Station tower (BTS tower) berfungsi untuk mengirim (trasmiter) dan menerima (receiver) gelombang radio antar pengguna telepon seluler. Pembangunan BTS tower di lingkungan perumahan mendapat penolakan dari sebagian masyarakat karena ekstemalitas negatif yang dihasilkan. Masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar BTS tower khawatir terkait kesehatan, keselamatan, dampak visual, estetika dan pemicu kerusakan peralatan elektronik rumah tangga. Kekhawatiran tersebut diekspresikan pada potensi penurunan nilai rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji berapa besar pengaruh BTS tower terhadap persepsi nilai properti perumahan diselcitarnya, menguji hubungan antara besarnya persepsi penurunan nilai properti (%) dengan tingkat kekhawatiran atas keberadaan BTS tower di sekitar properti perumahan dan menguji faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada probabilitas individu masuk kelompok masyarakat yang permisif/tidak permisif atas keberadaan BTS tower di sekitar perumahan. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), korelasi, dan analisis logit. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari wawancara terhadap 51 responden pemilik rumah di Kota Kediri yang tinggal diselcitar BTS tower (kelompok-1) dan kuesioner terhadap 75 responden pemilik rumah di Kota Kediri yang tinggal jauh dari BTS tower (kelompok-2) pada bulan Januari 2008-Pebruari 2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukan BTS tower berpengaruh negatif secara signiflkan terhadap persepsi nilai rumah disekitamya. Penurunan persepsi nilai rumah antara responden kelompok-1 dan kelompok-2 berbeda Persentase penurunan persepsi nilai rumah di sekitar BTS tower oleh responden kelompok-1 bervariasi antara 4% sampai 25% dengan rata-rata 13,33%, sedangkan kelompok- 2 bervariasi antara 6,25% sampai 50% dengan rata-rata 25,51%. Ada korelasi positif antara besamya kekhawatiran dan persentase penurunan persepsi nilai properti perumahan diselcitar BTS tower. Hasil analisis logit menunjukan, faktor demografi berpengaruh terhadap probabilitas responden masuk kelompok yang permisif atau tidak permisif atas keberadaan BTS tower di lingkungan perumahan. Responden lalci-laki, usia tua, pendidikan rendah dan tingkat pendapatan rendah lebih permisif atas keberadaan BTS tower di lingkungan perumahan. Sebaliknya, perempuan, usia muda, pendidikan tinggi dan pendapatan tinggi tidak permisif atas keberadaan BTS tower di lingkungan perumahan

The functions of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) tower are to transmit and receive radio wave among cellular phone users. Most people, especially who lives near by, object the construction of BTS tower over their residential neighborhoods for its negative externalities. Health issues, safety, bad visual impact, aesthetic and the ideas that the tower trig some electronic devices damage, are what the people worried about. The people's concerns are expressed on the potential degradations of the houses value. The aim of this research are to examine the effect of BTS tower on the surrounding residential (houses) perception value; to examine the relation between the houses perception value degradation and the people concern level about the existence of the near by tower; and to examine the factors affecting the people permissiveness on the tower existence. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), correlation analysis, and logit analysis were equipped. The data are obtained from 51 households surrounding the BTS tower (as the 151 group) and 75 households live outside the BTS tower influences (as the 2nd group). All of the respondents are located in the city of Kediri, and the surveys were held on January to February 2008. The result shows that the BTS tower has negative effect on the surrounding houses perception value. There is a difference between the 1st group and the 2nd one, on the perception of the houses value' degradations. The 1st group perceptions on the houses value degradation vary between 4% to 25%, and 13.33% on the average. The 2nd group perceptions on the houses value degradation vary between 6.25% to 50%, and 25. 1% on the average. There is positive correlation between the level of concern and the houses perception value degradations. The logit analysis shows that the demographic factors affect the permissiveness probability of the respondents. Male, elder, low level education and low incomes are more permissive to the existence of BTS tower around their houses. On the other way, female, younger, high level education and high incomes are less permissive.

Kata Kunci : BTS tower, ekstemalitas negatif, kekhawatiran, penurunan nilai rumah, demografi, CVM, korelasi, analisis logit,