ANALISIS MORTALITAS EMBRIO PADA AYAM LEGUND DAN AYAM NORMAL

Adi, Eka Kadar Setyo , Dr. Ir. Jafeni H. Purba S.

1998 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan karakteristik mortalitas embrio pada ayam Legund dan ayam Normal serta mengetahui aspek genetik dari perkawinan dua individu yang diduga membawa gen lethal dan semi-lethal. Satu ekor ayam jantan dan enam ekor ayam betina Legund serta satu ekor ayam jantan dan enam ekor ayam betina Normal dibagi dalam empat kelompok perkawinan alamiah. Teiur yang dihasilkan ditetaskah dan dilakukan peneropongan setiap tiga hari sekali mulai hari ke tiga penetasan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Blok Lengkap Teracak ’ (RBLT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fertilitas teiur dan total mortalitas embrio tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Sedangkan mortalitas embrio hari 1-3, 4-18 dan 19-21 penetasan menunjukkan perbedaan antar pemasangan perkawinan ( P<0,05). Mortalitas embrio Legund dari perkawinan Legund x Legund lebih tinggi dibanding Legund x Normal dan Normal x Legund (P<0,05). Keturunan dari perkawinan Legund x Legund menunjukkan penyimpangan dari hukum Mendel (P<0, 01). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpuikan bahwa mortalitas embrio pada ayam Legund, Normal dan persilangannya mempunyai distribusi yang tidak seragam selama penetasan. Perkawinan murni pada ayam Legund memunculkan adanya sifat lethal. Kata Kunci : Legund, Fertilitas, Mortalitas Embrio, Lethal, Semi-lethal.

The experiment was conducted to study characteristic the distribution of embryonic mortality of Naked Neck and Normal of Native chickens to recognize the genetics aspect of mating two individuals which was supposed to carry lethal and semi-lethal genes. One male and six females Naked Neck with one male and six females Normal native chickens, were distributed into four natural mating. Produced eggs were hatched and candied individually every three days from days three of incubation. The collected data were analyzed by variance analysis of Randomized Completely Block Design. The result of study showed that the fertility and thotal embryonic mortality was not significantly different. Embryonic mortality at 1-3, 4-18, and 19-21 days of incubation was different ( P<.05) by the crossing group. Embryonic mortality of Naked Neck embryo from Naked Neck x Naked Neck mating was higher than Naked Neck x Normal and Normal x Naked Neck (PC.05). The offspring from Naked Neck x Naked Neck mating showed deviation of Mendel's law (PC.01 ). The result was concluded that the embryonic mortality on Naked Neck, Normal of native chickens and the crossing groups is not uniformly distributed during the course of incubation. Pure mating on Naked Neck of native chickens showed a lethal trait. Key Words : Naked Neck Chickens, Fertility, Embryonic Mortality, Lethal , Semi-lethal.

Kata Kunci : Legund, Fertilitas, Mortalitas Embrio, Lethal, Semi-lethal