Detection of Monooxygenase Enzyme Activity in Aedes aegypti Mosquito in Sekip, Sleman, Yogyakarta

MENUR WULAN ANDADARI, Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt., M.S; dr. Tridjoko Hadianto DTM&H., M.Kes

2018 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar Belakang. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan penyakit menular endemic di Yogyakarta. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti adalah vector utama dalam menstransmisikan virus yang menyebabkan demam berdarah. Penggunaan insektisida kimia menjadi komponen penting untuk mengendalikan populasi vector dengue. Empat kelas insektisida yang umum digunakan adalah Organochlorine, Organophosphate, Carbamates dan Pyrethroid. Namun, penggunaan insektisida secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Salah satu yang paling umum adalah resistensi metabolik, dan salah satu keluarga enzim metabolic yang telah terlibat dalam metabolism insektisida adalah monooxygenase (P450s). Dalam penelitian ini, aktivitas enzim monooxygenase pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti akan dievaluasi. Objektif. Mendeteksi aktivitas enzim monooxygenase di Ae. aegypti di Sekip, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif untuk mendeteksi aktivitas enzim monooxygenase pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti menggunakan uji biokimia dengan mikroplat dengan panjang gelombang λ595 nm. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan cut-off point yang didapatkan dari rerata nilai absorbansi control negatif. Hasil. Skor warna mata dari sampel larva yang berasal dari Sekip, Sleman menunjukkan hasil 86,1% tidak berwarna hingga biru pudar. Nilai absorbansi rata-rata sampel adalah 0,137 dan kedua hasil tersebut dapat dikategorikan sangat rentan dan menunjukkan aktivitas enzim monooxygenase yang rendah. Kesimpulan. Sampel larva Ae. aegypti dari Sekip, Sleman memiliki aktivitas enzim monooxygenase yang rendah yang mengindikasikan kerentanan tinggi terhadap insektisida pyrethroid. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, resistensi, enzim monooxygenase, piretroid, Sekip

Background. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still an endemic communicable disease in Yogyakarta. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector that transmits the virus that causes dengue. The use of chemical insecticides has been an important component to control population of dengue vectors. The four common classes of insecticides are organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamates and pyrethroids. Unfortunately, the continued use of these insecticides may lead to resistance. Resistance of insecticides will cause problem in controlling the vector and spreads of dengue fever. There are various mechanisms of resistance. One of the most common is metabolic resistance, and one of the families of metabolic enzymes that have been implicated in the metabolism of insecticides is monooxygenase. In this research, the activity of monooxygenase enzyme in Ae. aegypti will be evaluated. Objective. Detect the activity of monooxygenases enzyme activity in Ae. aegypti mosquito in Sekip, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Method. This study is a descriptive study to detect the activity of monooxygenase enzyme in Ae. aegypti mosquito using Biochemistry Test with microplate assay with the wavelength of λ595 nm. The results are compared with cut-off point generated from mean of negative control absorbance value. Result. Color eye score of the larva samples from Sekip, Sleman show 86.1% of colorless to faint blue result. The average absorbance value was 0.137 and both of those result was considered as highly susceptible and indicate low monooxygenase enzyme activity. Conclusion. Larva samples of Ae. aegypti from Sekip, Sleman have low activity of monooxygenase enzyme activity which indicate high susceptibility towards pyrethroid insecticide. Keyword: Aedes aegypti, resistance, monooxygenase enzyme, pyrethroid, Sekip

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, resistance, monooxygenase enzyme, pyrethroid, Sekip