PENERAPAN MANDATORY ROUTE FOR TANKER SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT, KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN PADA SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION INDONESIA

SITI RAHMA N, Prof. Dr. Marsudi Triatmodjo, S.H., LL.M.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM

Peningkatan pelayaran kapal tanker pada sea lines of communication Indonesia berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya ancaman bagi keamanan, keselamatan pelayaran dan lingkungan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui urgensi dan dampak penerapan mandatory route for tanker bagi keamanan, keselamatan pelayaran dan perlindungan lingkungan laut pada sea lines of communication Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan studi kepustakaan untuk memperoleh bahan hukum primer. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendukung argumentasi dalam menganalisis data secara kualitatif dengan metode deduktif. Serta dilakukan pendeketan komparasi untuk melihat optimalisasi penerapan system rute kapal di Belanda yaitu mandatory route for tanker from north hinder to german bight and vice versa. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan bahwa penerapan mandatory route for tanker urgen untuk diterapkan di perairan Indonesia ditinjau dari pendekatan prinsip maritime security bagi keamanan pelayaran, keselamatan pelayaran, serta perlindungan lingkungan laut ditinjau dari prinsip freedom of navigation, flag-state enforcement, sustainable development, preventive action dan precautionary principal. Penerapan mandatory route for tanker juga memberikan keuntungan baik bagi pelaku pelayaran tanker, non-tanker, serta bagi pemerintah. Sistem hukum nasional secara substansi huku dan struktur hukum telah memberikan peluang besar dalam penerapan mandatory route for tanker. Budaya hukum menjadi aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan, dengan mengadopsi budaya hukum optimalisasi penerapan sustem rute kapal oleh Belanda untuk mewujudkan pembangunan kelautan nasional yang integral.

The increase of tanker navigation at Indonesia's Sea Line of Communication (SLOC) has directly increased threat to safety of navigation, maritime security and the marine environment. This research aims to determine the urgency and impact of the implementation of mandatory route for tanker for the safety of navigation, maritime security and protection of the marine environment at Indonesia's SLOC. This research type is normative with literature study to get the primary data source. Interview were conducted to support the argument to analyze the data qualitatively with deductive methods. Comparative approach was conducted observe the optimization of the implementation of ship routes system in the Netherlands namely mandatory route for tanker from north hinder to German bight and vice versa. The results show that the implementation of mandatory route for tanker is urgent to apply territorial waters of Indonesia if reviewed from approach of maritime security principle for security navigation, safety navigation, as well as the protection of the marine environment in terms of principles freedom of navigation, flag-state enforcement, sustainable development, preventive action and precautionary principal. The implementation of mandatory route for tanker also provide benefits for tankers, non-tankers and government. The national legal system on legal substance and the legal structure has provided great opportunities to implementing mandatory route for tanker. The legal culture becomes an aspect that needs to be improved, by adopting a legal culture of optimizing the implementation of The Netherland���¢�¯�¿�½�¯�¿�½s ship routeing system to embody the integrated national marine development.

Kata Kunci : Sistem Rute, SOLAS 1974, Keamanan Pelayaran, Keselamatan Pelayaran, Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut.