KREATIVITAS PADA SENIMAN DITINJAU DARI INTELIGENSI DAN KEPRIBADIAN

NUR AMIN BAROKAH A, Prof. Dr. Thomas Dicky Hastjarjo

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER PSIKOLOGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran inteligensi dan dimensi kepribadian Big Five (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, dan openness to experience) dalam memprediksi kreativitas (verbal dan figural) pada seniman. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 126 orang (75 seniman rupa dan 51 seniman pertunjukan). Inteligensi diukur dengan menggunakan Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), sedangkan kepribadian menggunakan skala Big Five Inventori (BFI) versi bahasa Indonesia. Kreativitas diukur dengan Tes Kreativitas Verbal (TKV) dan Tes Kreativitas Figural (TKF). Hasil analisis korelasi dan regresi dummy menunjukkan bahwa inteligensi dan dimensi kepribadian big five secara bersama-sama dapat memprediksi kreativitas verbal dengan nilai sumbangan sebesar 12,4%, (p=0,02) sedangkan pada kreativitas figural, sumbangan prediktor secara bersama-sama sebesar 20,3% (p<0,01). Inteligensi muncul sebagai prediktor yang signifikan pada kreativitas verbal maupun figural. Jenis seni (p=0,039) dan extraversion (p=0,01) hanya berperan signifikan terhadap kreativitas verbal. Conscientiousness dan openess to experience hanya muncul sebagai prediktor kuat pada kreativitas figural. Agreeableness dan neuroticism tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan pada kreativitas verbal dan figural. Kreativitas verbal pada seniman pertunjukan lebih tinggi daripada seniman rupa (p=0,002), namun untuk kreativitas figural tidak ditemukan perbedaan diantara keduanya. Ditemukan adanya perbedaan antara flexibility dan originality pada kedua kelompok seniman. Flexibility pada seniman pertunjukan lebih tinggi daripada seniman rupa, tetapi dilihat dari aspek originality, seniman rupa lebih tinggi skornya.

This research aims to examine the role of intelligence and dimension of Big Five personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) in predicting creativity (verbal and figural) in an artist. This research is designed quantitatively with 126 participants (75 fine artists and 51 performing artists). Intelligence was measured using Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), while the personality was based on the Indonesian version of Big Five Inventory (BFI). As for creativity, it was determined by using Creativity was measured by Verbal Creativity Tests (TKV) and Figural Creativity Tests (TKF). The results of the correlation and dummy regression analysis show that the intelligence and the big five personality dimensions can simultaneously predict verbal creativity by reaching 12.4% in value (p=.02), meanwhile in figural creativity, the predictor value altogether reaches 20.3% (p<.01). Intelligence emerges as a significant predictor in both verbal and figural creativity. The kind of arts (p=.039) and extraversion (.01) only play significant role towards verbal creativity. Conscientiousness and openness to experience only show up as profound predictor in figural creativity. Agreeableness and neuroticism do not exhibit any significant relationship towards both verbal and figural creativity. The verbal creativity of performing artists is higher than fine artists (p=.002), however there are no significant differences found in figural creativity between both artists. The difference between flexibility (p=0,038) and originality (p=.033)is found between both groups. Flexibility in performing artists is higher than fine artists, while originality of fine artists is higher than performing artists.

Kata Kunci : kreativitas verbal, kreativitas figural, inteligensi, big five, seniman