EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN YOGHURT PROBIOTIK TERHADAP KADAR LDL PADA PENYANDANG DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

KARTIKA YULIANI, Prof. Dr. dr. Nyoman Kertia, Sp.PD-KR.; Dr. Lily Arsanti Lestari, STP., MP

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) menjadi 3 besar masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Komplikasi kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab terbesar kematian pada penyandang DM tipe 2 sehingga penelitian mengenai terapi diet sebagai pencegahan sekunder komplikasi kardiovaskuler pada penyandang DM tipe 2 penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek pemberian yoghurt probiotik terhadap kadar LDL penyandang DM tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan double blinded randomized controlled trial dengan subjek penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2 sebanyak 32 orang. Kelompok kontrol diberi yoghurt konvensional sedangkan kelompok intervensi diberi yoghurt probiotik. Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 minggu. Pengukuran kadar LDL dan antropometri dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah penelitian, sedangkan pengukuran asupan makan dan aktivitas fisik dilakukan sebelum dan saat penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji independet t-test, mann whitney test, paired t-test, wilcoxon test dan korelasi spearman menggunakan STATA 13. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan Kadar LDL kedua kelompok (p>0,05)dan tidak ada perubahan kadar LDL sebelum-sesudah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok (p>0,05). Namun, kadar LDL setelah intervensi pada kedua kelompok berbeda signifikan (p<0,05). Median kadar LDL pada kelompok intervensi tetap dalam batas normal kadar LDL pada sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan (130 mg/dl - 120,5 mg/dl) sedangkan median kadar LDL pada kelompok kontrol meningkat dari sebelum ke sesudah perlakuan (128 mg/dl -148,5 mg/dl). Kesimpulan: Yoghurt probiotik dapat mempertahankan kadar LDL penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada batas normal.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been growing to be the one of the biggest health problem in Indonesia. It is importance to investigate a new diet therapy for preventing cardiovascular complication which cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To investigate the effect of probiotic yogurt on LDL-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: This study was double blinded randomized controlled trial which was conducted on 32 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Conventional yogurt was given to the control group for 4 weeks while probotic yogurt was given to the intervention group for 4 weeks. LDL-cholesterol and antropometric measurement had been held before and after intervention. Physical activity and dietary intake were measured during intervention period. Independent t-test, mann-whitney test, paired t-test, wilcoxon test,and spearman correlation test using STATA 13 were performed to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant difference of LDL-cholesterol of control group and intervention group (p>0,05). Before-after intervention LDL-cholesterol in both groups was also non-significant (p>0,05), but the difference of after intervention LDL-cholesterols between control group and interventions was significant (p<0,05). Median of LDL-cholesterol of intervention group was constantly in normal range before and after intervention (130 mg/dl - 120,5 mg/dl) while median of LDL-cholesterol of control group was increasing beforeafter intervention (128 mg/dl -148,5 mg/dl). Conclusions: Althought there was significant change of energy intake of subjects in intervention group during intervention, probiotic yogurt could keep LDLcholesterol of subjects in intervention group to be in normal range as part of diet.

Kata Kunci : Diabetes mellitus tipe 2; penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; probiotic yogurt; LDL-cholesterol, patients