Eksplorasi Ruang Jalur Pedestrian Jalan Malioboro Yogyakarta

NOVELA MILLATINA, Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro merupakan magnet bagi pejalan kaki, pedagang kaki lima dan pedagang kuliner lesehan. Saat siang hari, ruang yang diperuntukkan untuk pejalan kaki menyempit karena dipenuhi oleh pedagang kaki lima di kanan dan kiri jalur pedestrian. Sedangkan saat malam hari selain dimanfaatkan untuk pedagang kuliner lesehan, banyak juga ditemukan pedagang kaki lima yang meninggalkan gerobaknya di jalur pedestrian. Keberagaman pengguna ini menjadikan aktivitas yang terjadi di ruang jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro tumpang tindih namun ternyata tetap berjalan dengan harmonis. Keharmonisan penggunaan ruang menciptakan setting fisik yang khas. Setting fisik penting untuk dipahami perencana karena dengan mampu mengidentifikasi setting fisik suatu ruang maka perencana akan mampu mengakomodasi kebutuhan dan kepentingan seluruh pengguna suatu ruang. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan ragam setting fisik di jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro serta untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pelayanan jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah induktif kualitatif. Unit amatan penelitian ini adalah kegiatan yang berlangsung atau bersetting lokasi di jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro serta seluruh pengguna ruang jalur pedestrian. Unit analisisnya adalah ragam setting fisik jalur pedestrian dan tingkat kepuasan pengguna jalur pedestrian. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghimpun data adalah metode observasi kasual, metode pemetaan perilaku milik Sommer (1980) dan wawancara. Selain itu kuesioner juga bagikan kepada 100 responden pejalan kaki untuk mengetahui tingkat pelayanan jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 ragam setting fisik di ruang jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro yaitu 1) setting fisik pada jam operasional di ruang pemanfaatan formal aktif seluruh fasad, 2) setting fisik pada jam operasional di ruang pemanfaatan formal aktif sebagian fasad, 3) setting fisik pada jam operasional di ruang pemanfaatan formal nonaktif, 4) setting fisik pada jam operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal menghadap toko, 5) setting fisik pada jam operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal membelakangi toko, 6) setting fisik pada jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan formal minimarket 24 jam, 7) setting fisik pada jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan formal toko tutup, 8) setting fisik jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal pedagang kuliner tetap, 9) setting fisik pada jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal pedagang kuliner tidak tetap, 10) setting fisik pada jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal gerobak pedagang kaki lima mengelompok, 11) setting fisik pada jam non operasional di ruang pemanfaatan informal gerobak pedagang kaki lima menyebar. Kesebelas setting fisik tersebut terbentuk karena waktu, jenis ruang pemanfaatan dan karakteristik khusus. Peneliti melihat bahwa kegiatan ekonomi sangat berpengaruh dalam proses pembentukan setting fisik di jalur pedestrian Jalan Malioboro. Upaya menggunakan ruang secara bergantian yang dilakukan oleh pedagang merupakan bentuk toleransi dalam pemanfaatan ruang jalur pedestrian sehingga setiap individu tetap memiliki ruang gerak masing-masing di tempat yang terbatas.Penilaian tingkat pelayanan menunjukkan hasil wajar yang artinya kualitas pelayanan masih apa adanya dan sudah memenuhi harapan pejalan kaki.

Malioboro street pedestrian lane is appealing for pedestrians, street vendors, and lesehan culinary vendors. In the daytime, space which used for pedestrian shrinks because filled by street vendors at both side of pedestrian lane. Meanwhile, at the nighttime, it is utilized for lesehan culinary vendors but in the same time some street vendors found left their cart at the lane. This diversity makes activities that happen In Malioboro street pedestrian lane overlaps but harmoniously goes on. This harmonious space utility creates incomparable physical setting. Physical setting is important to be known by planner because from identifying physical setting of space later planner can accommodate users' needs and interests of the space. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to find the variety of physical setting in Malioboro street pedestrian lane and to identify the service level of Malioboro street pedestrian lane. The approach of this research was inductive qualitative and quantitative. The observation unit was the activities that took place or located in Malioboro street pedestrian lane also all of pedestrian lane users. The analysis units were variety of pedestrian lane's physical setting and satisfaction level of pedestrian. The method that used to compile data were casual observation method, Sommer's behavior mapping (1980), and interview. Questionnaires were also given to 100 respondents to find out about the service level of Malioboro street pedestrian lane. The research result showed that there were 11 kinds of physical setting in Malioboro street pedestrian lane, which is: 1) physical setting of operational hours in formal spatial utility active entire facade, 2) physical setting of operational hours in formal spatial utility partial facade, 3) physical setting of operational hours in formal spatial utility partial non-active, 4) physical setting of operational hours in informal spatial utility facing the store, 5) physical setting of operational hours in informal spatial utility back to the store, 6) physical setting of non-operational hours in formal spatial utility 24-hours minimart, 7) physical setting of non-operational hours in formal spatial utility closed store, 8) physical setting of non-operational hours in informal spatial utility permanent culinary vendors, 9) physical setting of non-operational hours in informal spatial utility non-permanent culinary vendors, 10) physical setting of non-operational hours in informal spatial utility agglomerated street vendors' cart, 11) physical setting of non-operational hours in informal spatial utility scattered street vendors' cart. These eleven physical setting mentioned above formed by time, type of spatial utility, and special characteristics. Researcher found that economy activities very influent to the formation of physical setting in Malioboro street pedestrian lane. The effort to use the space alternately was a form of tolerance by street vendors in pedestrian lane spatial utility so each user still have their own personal space in limited area. The assessment of the service level showed fair level which means the service quality was as it is and already met the expectation of pedestrians.

Kata Kunci : jalur pedestrian, setting fisik, tingkat pelayanan