PERBANDINGAN PREVALENSI OBESITAS DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH ANTARA ANAK STUNTING DAN NON-STUNTING UMUR 0-24 BULAN

BAGUS WINANDI A, Prof. dr. Madarina Julia, MPH, PhD, SpAK ; dr. Neti Nurani, M.Kes,Sp.AK

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia termasuk tinggi, sedangkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan terjadi tidak hanya pada anak, tetapi juga pada orang dewasa. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui massa lemak dan massa otot lengan atas pada anak stunting dan non-stunting umur 0-24 bulan. Metode. Kami menganalisis data sekunder anak umur 0-24 bulan dari Divisi Nutrisi dan Penyakit Metabolik Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran UGM yang dikumpulkan dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang dipilih secara acak. Kami membandingkan upper arm fat area (UFA, UFE dan UFP) dan upper arm muscle area (UMA dan UME) pada anak stunted dan non-stunted. Hasil. Kami menganalisis 2195 anak. Prevalensi stunting adalah 354 per 2195 (16,1 persen). Massa lemak yang diukur sebagai UFA, UFE dan UPF pada anak stunting lebih rendah secara bermakna dibanding anak non-stunting pada kelompok umur 7-12 bulan, masing-masing 4,48 cm2 vs 5,05 cm2 (P lebih kecil dari 0,001), 4,48 cm2 vs 5,55 cm2 (P lebih kecil dari 0,001) dan 30,82 persen vs 32,58 persen (P sama dengan 0,03); demikian juga massa otot yang dinyatakan sebagai UMA pada umur 7-12 bulan (11,31 cm2 vs 11,79 cm2, P = 0,02) dan kelompok umur 13-24 bulan (11,05 cm2 vs 11,75 cm2, P kurang dari 0,001) serta UME pada kelompok umur 13-24 bulan (10,50 cm2 vs 11,18 cm2, P kurang dari 0,001). Simpulan: Massa lemak lengan atas pada anak stunting lebih kecil dibandingkan anak non-stunting pada umur 7-12 bulan, sedangkan massa otot lengan atas lebih kecil pada umur 7-24 bulan.

Prevalence of stunting is high, whereas its negative impacts on health especially occurs during childhood as well as adolescent. Objective. To evaluate upper arm fat and muscle area in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months of age. Methods. We analyzed secondary data of the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta which were collected using cluster random sampling from Yogyakarta Special Province. We compared upper arm fat area (UFA, UFE, and UPF as well as upper arm muscle area (UMA and UME) among stunted and non-stunted children. Results. We analysed 2195 children. The prevalence of stunting was 354 or 2195 (16,1 percent). The values of UFA, UFE and UFP among stunted were significantly lower compared to non-stunted children aged 7-12 months i.e. 4.48 cm2 vs 5.05 cm2 (P less than 0,001), 4.88 cm2 vs 5.55 cm2 (P less than 0.001), and 30.82 percent vs 32.58 percent respectively. The values of UMA among stunted children aged 7-12 months was significantly lower among stunted compared with non-stunted children i.e. 11.31 cm2 vs 11.79 cm2 (P same 0.02) as well as at 13 until 24 months of age i.e. 11.05 cm2 vs 11.75 cm2 (P less than0.001). The value of UME among stunted children aged 13-24 months was significantly lower compared with non-stunted children i.e. 10.50 cm2 vs 11.18 cm2 (P less than 0.001). Conclusion. UFA of stunted children aged 7-12 months is smaller than non-stunted children, whereas UMA is smaller among stunted children aged 7-24 months compared with non-stunted children.

Kata Kunci : stunting, overweight, obesity, upper arm fat area, upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat percentage