Hubungan antara Status Gizi berdasarkan Lingkar Pinggang dan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang-Tinggi Badan dengan Kejadian Dysmenorrhea pada Siswi Usia 13-15 Tahun di DIY

GABRIELLE NATHANIA, Dra. Neni Trilusiana R, M.Kes, PhD ; Janatin Hastuti, S.Si., M.Kes, PhD

2017 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang: Obesitas merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang prevalensinya kian meningkat, baik pada lingkup dewasa maupun pada anak-anak dan remaja. Namun, studi mengenai dampak dari abnormalitas status gizi remaja terhadap kejadian dysmenorrhea menunjukkan hasil yang inkonsisten. Dysmenorrhea merupakan sumber disabilitas pada sejumlah besar wanita pada awal usia reproduktif sehingga penting untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko dari dysmenorrhea. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi berdasarkan ukuran lingkar pinggang dan rasio lingkar pinggang-tinggi badan (RLPTB) terhadap kejadian dysmenorrhea pada siswi usia 13-15 tahun di SMPN 1 Sewon dan SMPN 2 Yogyakarta. Metode: Pada studi dengan metode potong lintang ini, data diperoleh dari 361 siswi SMPN 1 Sewon dan SMPN 2 Yogyakarta. Ukuran lingkar pinggang dan RLPTB diperoleh melalui pengukuran antropometri, sedangkan kejadian dysmenorrhea diketahui melalui pengisian kuesioner. Hubungan status gizi ditinjau dari ukuran lingkar pinggang dan RLPTB dengan kejadian dysmenorrhea kemudian diuji dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-Square. Hasil: Terdapat 22 subjek penelitian (6%) yang termasuk obesitas berdasarkan ukuran lingkar pinggang dan 44 subjek penelitian (12,2%) termasuk obesitas berdasarkan RLPTB. Dysmenorrhea dialami oleh 242 subjek (67%) dengan 166 subjek (68,6%) mengalami dysmenorrhea ringan dan 76 subjek (31,4%) lainnya mengalami dysmenorrhea sedang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata lingkar pinggang dan RLPTB yang bermakna antara populasi dengan dysmenorrhea dan populasi tanpa dysmenorrhea. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara status gizi berdasarkan ukuran lingkar pinggang dengan kejadian dysmenorrhea (p=0,079). Namun, dysmenorrhea memiliki asosiasi signifikan dengan status gizi berdasarkan RLPTB (p=0,026). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi berdasarkan rasio lingkar pinggang-tinggi badan dan kejadian dysmenorrhea dengan risiko dysmenorrhea lebih tinggi pada populasi yang tidak mengalami obesitas.

Background: Obesity is a growing health problem which do not only affect adults but also children and teenagers. However, few studies about the impact of malnutrition on teenagers- dysmenorrhea particularly- showed inconsistent results. Furthermore, it is important to know the risk factors of dysmenorrhea since it is a source of recurrent disability for a significant number of women in their early reproductive years. Objective: To know the relationship between nutritional status based on waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with dysmenorrhea in female students aged 13 to 15 years in SMPN 1 Sewon and SMPN 2 Yogyakarta. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected among 361 female students from 2nd and 3rd grade in SMPN 1 Sewon and SMPN 2 Yogyakarta. Waist circumference and WHtR were collected through anthropometric measurements, while dysmenorrhea cases were collected in the form of questionnaires. The relationship between the nutritional status based on waist circumference and WHtR with dysmenorrhea were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square test. Results: Twenty two subjects (6%) were considered obese - in retrospect to their waist circumference - while another 44 subjects (12.2%) were also categorised as obese based on WHtR. Dysmenorrhea was reported in 242 subjects (67%) with 166 subjects (68,6%) experienced mild dysmenorrhea and 76 of them (31.4%) experienced moderate dysmenorrhea. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between waist circumference and WHtR on either dysmenorrhea cases or non-dysmenorrhea cases. The Chi-Square test also did not show any link between nutritional status and dysmenorrhea cases based on waist circumference (p=0,079). However, dysmenorrhea had a significant relationship with nutritional status based on WHtR (p=0,026). Conclusion: There was relationship between nutritional status based on waist-to-height ratio and dysmenorrhea with higher risk of dysmenorrhea in non-obese group.

Kata Kunci : Dysmenorrhea, status gizi, lingkar pinggang, rasio lingkar pinggang-tinggi badan