ambivalensi diri tokoh utama terhadap kematian dalam novel a monster calls karya Patrick Ness: sebuah kajian psikoanalisis

KARMILA A.S. WELLEM, Achmad Munjid, M.A., Ph.D.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Sastra

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat alam sadar dan alam bawah sadar tokoh utama bernama Conor O Malley terhadap kematian di dalam novel A Monster Calls karya Patrick Ness. Dalam novel ini diceritakan tentang pengalaman aneh tokoh utama bernama Conor yang ditemui oleh sesosok monster pohon Yew ketika ibunya sedang dalam masa kritis disebabkan oleh penyakit ganas yang dideritanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikoanalisis dari Sigmund Freud dan 5 tahap sikap terhadap kematian Kubler-Ross. Setelah dilakukan penelitian terhadap novel tersebut didapatkan bahwa tokoh utama mengalami ambivalensi yang ditandai dengan adanya pikiran alam sadarnya yang menyadari dan menerima kematian, serta pikiran alam bawah sadarnya yang menakuti dan tidak menerima kematian, kemudian kedua pikiran tersebut terlibat pertarungan dalam diri Conor untuk menguasai diri Conor sepenuhnya. Peneliti menyimpulkan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pertarungan pikiran tersebut dimenangkan oleh pikiran alam sadar, dikarenakan oleh datangnya kematian ibunya yang menandakan bahwa kematian memang akhirnya terjadi dan mau tak mau harus diterima. Selain itu, dalam novel ini ditemukan bahwa kematian merupakan representasi dari kebebasan yang mana kematian telah membebaskan Conor dari siksaan pikirannya dan ibunya dari penyakitnya.

This research aimed to see the main character Conor OMalleys consciousness and unconsciousness toward death in a novel A Monster Calls by Patrick Ness. The novel told about Conor OMalleys bizarre experience of encountering a huge Yew tree monster when his mother was dying due to her killing ill. This research used a psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud and 5 stages of death and dying by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross. After researching the novel, researcher found that the main character was in ambivalent state which was indicated by two distinctive thoughts namely thought in his consciousness which realizing and accepting his mothers impending death and thought in his unconsciousness which being frightened and not accepting the death, then the two thought fought one another to take over the whole Conor OMalleys mind. Researcher concluded that the thought from consciousness won the battle because time finally showed that death really came to his life to take his mom and death had to be accepted. Besides, researcher also found that death was representation of freedom, in which the death brought up the freedom to Conor who was still alive and to his mother also who finally passed away. Conor was free from his torturing mind due to his ambivalence and his mother was also free from her hurting illness.

Kata Kunci : Kematian, Psikoanalisis, Alam sadar, Alam bawah sadar, Ambivalensi, Pertarungan pikiran / Death, Psychoanalysis, Consciousness, Unconsciousness, Ambivalence, Mind fight