PERBANDINGAN TEKNIK PRE-COOLING DENGAN POST ACTIVITY-COOLING DALAM PENURUNAN TINGKAT HEAT STRAIN MENGGUNAKAN PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL BERBAHAN MINYAK KELAPA

LUTHFI ALFIKRI K, Dr. Titis Wijayanto S.T., M.Des

2016 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Di Indonesia, angka kecelakaan akibat kerja masih tergolong tinggi. Data dari Kemnakertrans menyebutkan pada tahun 2013 di Indonesia 97.144 jiwa mengalami kecelakaan akibat kerja dan data terakhir pada tahun 2014 sudah mengalami penurunan tetapi masih tergolong tinggi yakni 40.694 jiwa (Kemnakertrans, 2015). Salah satu penyebab kecelakaan akibat kerja adalah beban kerja fisik disertai dengan paparan temperatur lingkungan yang panas sehingga mengakibatkan Heat Strain. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan risiko timbulnya heat strain adalah menggunakan Phase Change Material (PCM) sebagai pendingin tubuh dengan teknik pre-cooling dan post-activity cooling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PCM berbahan dasar minyak kelapa terhadap laju penurunan temperatur tubuh pada saat aktivitas fisik dan recovery di lingkungan panas (33oC-35oC, 80%RH). Responden penelitian adalah 10 orang laki-laki dengan rentang usia 20-22 tahun. Responden melakukan aktivitas fisik berupa lari di atas treadmill dengan beban kerja setara dengan 65% HRmax. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga fase yaitu 10 menit fase baseline, 30 menit fase physical activity dan 30 menit fase recovery. Setiap responden mengalami tiga perlakuan yaitu kondisi kontrol (tanpa PCM), kondisi pre-cooling kelapa dan kondisi post activity-cooling kelapa. Perlakuan dipilih secara acak di hari yang berbeda untuk setiap responden. Data yang diukur dalam penelitian ini meliputi temperatur kulit (Tsk), temperatur timpani (Tty), denyut jantung (HR), Thermal comfort (TC), Thermal Sensation (TS), Heat Storage (S) Physiological Strain Index (PSI), Thirsty Sensation (THS), Thermal Comfort (TC), Thermal Sensation (TS), Thirsty Sensation (THS), Sweat Sensation (SS), dan Rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penggunaan PCM minyak Kelapa pada teknik post activity-cooling akan lebih efektif dan berpengaruh signifikan dibandingkan dengan Pre-Cooling untuk mengurangi tingkat heat strain dan panas yang tersimpan di dalam tubuh selama beraktivitas di lingkungan panas sehingga meningkatkan sensasi termal yang dirasakan oleh penggunanya. Dampak yang diberikan oleh Post Activity Cooling meliputi temperatur kulit (Tsk), Heat Storage (S), Physiological Strain Index (PSI), Thermal comfort (TC), Thermal Sensation (TS), dan Thirsty Sensation (THS). Adapun pada Pre-Cooling hanya berdampak pada Physiological Strain Index (PSI) dan Thirsty Sensation (THS).

In Indonesia, the level of work accident is high. Data from the Manpower and Transmigration Ministry in 2013 in Indonesia 97 144 inhabitants in an accident caused by work and the latest data in 2014 had decreased but still relatively high at 40 694 inhabitants (Kemnakertrans, 2015). One of the causes of work accident is accompanied by exposure to hot ambient temperatures, resulting Heat Strain. One way to reduce the risk of heat strain is to use Phase Change Materials (PCM) as a cooling body with the technique of pre-cooling and post activity-cooling. This study aims to determine the effect of PCM coconut oil based on the rate of decrease in body temperature during physical activity and recovery in a hot environment (33oC-35oC, 80% RH). Respondents are ten men aged 20-22 years. Respondents physical activity such as running on a treadmill with a workload equivalent to 65% HRmax. The study consisted of three phases, namely a 10-minute baseline phase, a 30-minute phase of physical activity and 30 minutes of the recovery phase. Each respondent had three treatments, namely the control condition (without PCM), a condition pre-cooling coconut oil and conditions of post activity-cooling coconut oil. The treatment chosen at random and different days for each respondent. The data measured in this study include temperature of tympanic (Tty), skin temperature (Tsk), Physiological Strain Index (PSI), Heat Storage (S), Thermal comfort (TC), Thermal Sensation (TS), Sweat Sensation (SS), Thirsty Sensation (THS), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The results showed that the use of coconut oil for the PCM material impact if used with Post activity-cooling technique will be more effective and have a significant effect compared to the Pre-Cooling to reduce th e level of heat strain and head storage in the body during exercise in hot environment and than increasing the sensation of thermal perceived by users. Impact given by post activity-cooling includes skin temperature (Tsk), Heat Storage (S), Physiological Strain Index (PSI), Thermal comfort (TC), Thermal Sensation (TS), and Thirsty Sensation (THS). As for the Pre-Cooling only affects the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) and Thirsty Sensation (THS).

Kata Kunci : Heat strain, Phase Change Material (PCM), minyak kelapa, teknik pre-cooling, teknik post-activity-cooling, Laju Penurunan temperatur.