PENGARUH INTERVENSI PSIKOLOGI STRATEGI MULTI- TEKNIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN DASAR BERMAIN BULUTANGKIS, MOTIVASI OLAHRAGA, DAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI

YUSUP HIDAYAT, S.PD., M.SI, Prof. Dr. Amitya Kumara, M.S

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Psikologi

Kondisi riil kualitas proses pembinaan bulutangkis di semua tingkatan terutama di tingkat sekolah/klub masih belum optimal. Isi program latihan lebih terkonsentrasi pada pengembangan kemampuan fisik dan teknik, sementara pengembangan keterampilan psikologis terabaikan. Salah satu imbasnya, kualitas penguasaan keterampilan fisik, teknik, taktik, terutama psikologis sebagai elemen pokok keber- hasilan pembinaan masih belum tergali secara optimal. Intervensi psikologi strategi multiteknik (IPSM) adalah sebuah program intervensi kombinasi teknik latihan keterampilan psikologis penetapan tujuan, self-talk, dan imajeri mental yang diintegrasikan kedalam program latihan secara keseluruhan. IPSM merupakan sebuah upaya inovatif untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar keterampilan gerak, penampilan olahraga, dan keterampilan psikologis yang terkait. Dalam kaitan itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan kausalitas IPSM dengan hasil belajar keterampilan dasar bermain bulutangkis (KDBB), motivasi olahraga, dan kepercayaan diri. Pene- litian menggunakan 27 pelatih dan 252 siswa-atlet bulutangkis pemula putera-puteri usia 10-12 tahun dari sekolah bulutangkis di Jawa Barat, 126 siswa-atlet digunakan pada pra-eksperimen dan 126 siswa-atlet pada eksperimen lapangan. Subjek eksperimen dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok eksperimen dan satu kelompok kontrol melalui penugasan secara acak. Keberhasilan intervensi diukur menggunakan instrumen utama tes hasil belajar KDBB berbasis proses dan hasil, skala motivasi olahraga dan kepercayaan diri, dan observasi penguasaan KDBB. Hasil analisis menunjukkan IPSM penetapan tujuan, self-talk, dan imajeri mental memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar KDBB, motivasi olahraga, dan kepercayaan diri baik secara parsial maupun ketika dikombinasikan, dan efektivitas setiap komponen IPSM dipengaruhi oleh interaksinya dengan komponen atau level komponen IPSM yang lain. Kecuali pengaruh univariat IPSM dan IPS teknik penetapan tujuan dan imajeri mental terbukti tidak memberikan pengaruh interaksi terhadap hasil belajar KDBB dan motivasi olahraga, serta perbandingan PT-dinamik dengan PT-proses ditemukan tidak memberikan pengaruh berbeda terhadap motivasi olahraga. Sesuai dengan hasil penelitian ini, IPSM dapat diadaptasi sebagai sebuah unitas strategi psikologis untuk meningkatkan belajar, penampilan olahraga, dan keterampilan psiko- logis siswa-atlet pemula anak.

The real condition of badminton coaching process quality in all levels especially in school or club level was not optimal yet. The content of the program was more concentrated on the development of physical and technical competence, while the development of psychological skill was still neglected. One of the effects was the quality of mastering the physical, technical, tactical, and especially psychological skill as the main elements of the coaching success have not been explored optimally. The psycho-logical intervention of multitechnical strategy (PIMS) was an interventional program of psychological skill training technical combination for goal setting, self-talk, and mental imagery which were integrated into an entire training program. PIMS was a kind of innovative effort to improve the learning process and outcome of motor skill, sport performance, and the related psychological skills. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the cause-effect relation between PIMS and the learning outcome of badminton basic skills (LOBBS), sport motivation, and self confidence. This study involved 27 coaches and 252 boy and girl beginner badminton student-athletes aged 10-12 years old from badminton schools in West Java. 126 student-athletes were participated in pra-experiment and 126 student- athletes were allocated in field experiment. The experiment subjects were divided into eight experimental groups and one control group through random assignments. The success of the intervention was measured by main instruments on the test of BBS process-and- outcome based learning outcome, sport motivation and self confidence scale, and observation on BBS acquisition. The analysis result showed that PIMS of goal setting, self-talk, and mental imagery effected on the LOBBS, sport motivation, and self confidence, either partially or when combined, and the effectiveness of each component of the PIMS is affected by interaction with the component or components PIMS another level. However, univariate PIMS and PIM of goal setting and mental imagery did not give any interactive effect to the LOBBS and sport motivation. Furthermore, the pairwise comparison of dinamic-GS and process-GS did not show any distinguished effect on sport motivation. Being in line with the findings in this study, PIMS can be adapted as an unity of psychological strategy to improve learning, sport performance, and psychological skills of child beginner student-athletes.

Kata Kunci : IPSM, hasil belajar KDBB, motivasi olahraga, kepercayaan diri