Perencanaan Kawasan Khusus Street Art Kota Yogyakarta

WIDYASTAMA R, Ir. Didik Kristiadi, MLA., MAUD.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Street art merupakan pengekspresian seni rupa dan pertunjukkan bergaya kontemporer, yang dimensinya dinamis, di ruang-ruang publik kota. Fenomena spasial-budaya ini mulai muncul di Kota Yogyakarta pada akhir tahun 90-an. Sampai dengan saat ini eksistensinya terus berkembang dan dapat ditemui mewarnai berbagai sudut kota. Penataan ruang medianya yang belum optimal mendorong munculnya dampak negatif vandalisme, mengaburkan dampak-dampak positifnya. Ruang media street art yang paling aktif di Kota Yogyakarta adalah kawasan sekitar Taman Budaya. Faktor yang menyebabkan pesatnya perkembangan seni publik di dalamnya karena adanya simpul-simpul kegiatan kreatif dan tata bangunan lingkungan berpola grid yang kondusif. Masalah yang perlu ditangani meliputi konfigurasi ruang yang membatasi pengawasan, bentuk properti kurang antisipatif terhadap peruskan, ketidaklengkapan setting fisik ruang jalan, dan belum optimalnya penyediaan elemen ruang terbuka, di samping itu terdapat kelebihan kondisi lain yang dapat dikembangkan. Perencanaan ini bertujuan menyusun masterplan dan RTBL kawasan sekitar Taman Budaya sebagai Kawasan Khusus Street Art Yogyakarta, yang berfokus pada pewadahan dan penyajian street art dengan strategi transformasi urban design, yang dapat menekan resiko vandalisme serta mengakomodasi kegiatan kreatif masyarakat. Tiga tahapan utama terdiri dari studi spasial, perumusan masalah, dan perancangan solusi. Seluruh proses tersebut didasari teori rancang kota, ruang kreatif, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), dan aspek seni. Sintesis teori-teori menghasilkan kriteria perencanaan sebagai instrumen analisis utama, dinamika kesesuainnya dengan kondisi eksiting dielaborasikan menjadi pertimbangan transformasi tata bangunan lingkungan.

Street art is an expression of contemporary visual and performance art, that has dynamic dimensions, in the public spaces. This cultural spatial phenomenon began to emerge in Yogyakarta City in the late 90s. Until now, it's existence constantly evolving and can be found crafted on various urban corners. The minimum management of the media space encourages vandalism as it's negative impact, which fading the positive ones. The most active street art space in Yogyakarta is neighborhood surrounding Taman Budaya. Two leading factors of public art development in studied area are the existence of creative activity nodes and conducive grid patterned built environment. It's spatial problems that need to be solved include limiting surveillance space configuration, less vandalism-proof poperties, incomplete streetspace physical settings, and minimum openspace elements provision, meanwhile there are other potential conditions. This planning aims to develop masterplan as well as building and environment plan of neighborhood surrounding Taman Budaya as Yogyakarta City Street Art Special District, which focus in accommodating and presenting street art by urban design transformation strategy, that can reduce the risk of vandalism and trigger public's creative activies. Three main phases consist spatial studies, problem formulating, and solution designing. The entire process is based on the theory of urban design, creative space, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), and perspective of art. Synthesis of theorys generates planning criteria as the main analysis instrument, it's suitability dynamic with existing conditions is elaborated into consideration of urban design transformation.

Kata Kunci : street art,ruang publik,transformasi,urban design