AL-BARZANJI DALAM PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT BANYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR (Suntingan Teks, Terjemahan, dan Telaah Resepsi)

HASIM ASHARI, Prof. Dr. Sangidu, M.Hum; Dr. Fadlil Munawwar Manshur, M.S.

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Sastra/Kajian Timur Tengah

Abstrak Teks Al-Barzanji dapat dianggap sebagai karya sastra Arab keagamaan atau sastra kitab yang sudah begitu tua dan masih dapat diterima oleh masyarakat luas dari waktu ke waktu, bahkan menjadi populer dalam kehidupan masyarakat Banyuwangi Jawa Timur. Oleh karena itu tidaklah mengherankan apabila teks Al-Barzanji mampu mengundang perhatian masyarakat Banyuwangi, dalam berbagai bentuk sambutan. Bentuk-bentuk sambutan atas teks Al-Barzanji tersebut berupa tradisi lisan pembacaan pada kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan diantaranya dibaca dalam acara pernikahan, khitan, kelahiran anak, maulid Nabi Muhammad saw, dan bahkan digunakan sebagai seni pertunjukan (performing art). Gejala munculnya pembacaan yang beraneka macam terhadap teks Al-Barzanji dalam tradisi keagamaan masyarakat Banyuwangi Jawa Timur tersebut, memperlihatkan peran pembaca dalam menemukan maknanya. Gejala ini juga memperlihatkan peran latar belakang pembaca bagi pembacaan suatu karya sastra. Pembaca dengan latar belakang konteks yang berbeda akan menghasilkan pembacaan yang berbeda pula. Teks Al-Barzanji sebagai objek material penelitian ini merupakan produk karya sastra masa lampau yang berupa manuskrip. Maka, untuk mengkaji pernaskahan dan suntingan tersebut penulis memerlukan bantuan teori filologi. Sementara itu, bahasa yang digunakan dalam manuskrip Al-Barzanji ini adalah bahasa Arab, sehingga untuk memahaminya diperlukan teori terjemah yang menjelaskan pengalihan makna dan pesan teks dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Adapun untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui Fenomena tanggapan terhadap teks Al-Barzanji masyarakat Banyuwangi, penulis menggunakan teori resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, kajian filologis terhadap naskah Arab Al-Barzanji tulisan tangan terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam ketiga naskah yang ditemukan, namun tidak sampai menyebabkan perbedaan versi naskah. Perbedaan tersebut berupa kesalahan disengaja maupun tidak disengaja. Jenis kesalahan mencakup kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca, pemenggalan kata, penulisan kata, atau suku kata, kesalahan charakat, penghilangan atau penambahan kalimat, dan adanya beberapa bagian yang tidak terbaca. Naskah Al-Barzanji disunting menggunakan metode landasan. Kajian Resepsi sastra menunjukkan bahwa, resepsi masyarakat Banyuwangi Jawa Timur terhadap teks Al-Barzanji, berasal dari ajaran tokoh masyarakat, ustadz dan Kiai alumni pesantren yang berpengaruh pada resepsi masyarakat pelaku tradisi pembacaan teks Al-Barzanji. Ini dibuktikan dengan fakta bahwa mayoritas pelaku tradisi pembacaan teks Al-Barzanji tidak memahami apa yang mereka baca, tetapi menilai teks Al-Barzanji sebagai kitab yang mengandung berbagai faidah. Kepercayaan adanya faidah didapatkan dari pengetahuan mereka bahwa dalam kitab Al-Barzanji mengulas tentang sejarah dan biografi Nabi Muhammad saw. Kata kunci: Al-Barzanji, Resepsi, Tradisi

Abstract Al-Barzanji text can be regarded as an Arabic religious literary work or literature of books which are very old and can still be accepted by the public from time to time, even becoming more popular in the life Banyuwangi siciety in East Java. Therefore, it is not surprising that the text of Al-Barzanji is able to interest the attention of Banyuwangi society, in various forms of reception. The reception of Al-Barzanji text is in the form of oral tradition of readings on religious activities including in weddings, circumcision, child birth, birthday of the Prophet Muhammad saw, and even is used as a performing art. The phenomenon of the emergence of various readings of the Al-Barzanji text in the religious tradition of Banyuwangi society, East Javashows the role of the reader in discovering its meaning. This phenomenon also shows the role of reader for reading the background of a literary work. Readers with a background in different contexts will produce different readings. The phenomenon ofresponses toAl-Barzanji textinterests the writer to consider the study of Al-Barzanji text that is based on the reception, in a sense, the research focuses on responses of the readers in Banyuwangi society, East Java in facing Al-Barzanji text. Al-Barzanji text as a material object of this study is a product of literary work from the past in the form of manuscripts. Therefore, the theory of philology is needed to examine the manuscript. Meanwhile, the language used in the Al-Barzanjimanuscript Arabic language, so it is necessary to understand the theory of translation which explains the meaning and message of text from the source language to the target language. To study and understand the phenomenon of responses toAl-Barzanji text in Banyuwangi society, the writer uses the theory of literary reception. The result of this research shows that the philological study of the handwritten Al-Barzanji Arabic manuscript contains differences in the three manuscripts which were discovered, but not to lead to differences in the script version.The differences are in the form of errors made intentionally or unintentionally.The types of errors include improper use of punctuation, the decoding of words, writing words or syllables, charakat error, omission or addition of a sentence, and there are some parts that are not legible.The Al-Barzanji manuscript was edited by using diplomatic methods to bring the edited text which is as close as possible to the original text without the intervention of the researcher. Studies on the reception of literature show that reception of Al-Barzanni text by the Banyuwangi society in East Java against is affected by the teaching of community leaders, religious teachers, and Kiai who are alumni of pesantren which is influential in the reception of the society as the actors of the Al-Barzanji text reading tradition.This is evidenced by the fact that the majority of perpetrators of the tradition of reading the text of Al-Barzanji do not understand what they read, but judging Al-Barzanji text as a book containing various benefits. Belief in the benefits is obtained from their knowledge that the book of Al-Barzanji reviews the history and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad saw. Key words: Al-Barzanji, Reception, Tradition

Kata Kunci : Al-Barzanji, Reception, Tradition