Resiliensi Keluarga yang Memiliki Anak Tuli

ANTONIA AYU, Dra. Muhana Sofiati Utami, M.S., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER PSIKOLOGI PROFESI

Kehadiran anak tuli dapat membawa perubahan bagi dinamika di dalam keluarga. Fungsi keluarga akan terganggu apabila keluarga tidak mampu mengatasi perubahan, tantangan, dan krisis, seperti masalah komunikasi, biaya perawatan, serta tantangan pengasuhan lainnya. Keluarga perlu memiliki resiliensi atau kemampuan beradaptasi secara positif dan berkelanjutan sehingga fungsi keluarga dapat berjalan seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dinamika resiliensi keluarga sejak tahap sebelum anak terdiagnosis tuli, terdiagnosis tuli, hingga setelah terdiagnosis tuli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus pada tiga keluarga yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 anggota keluarga termasuk anak tuli usia remaja (13-18 tahun). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara pada setiap anggota keluarga, kecuali anak tuli. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pada fase awal sebelum anak terdiagnosis tuli, keluarga menerima tekanan berupa gejala ketulian. Pemeriksaan gejala ketulian memunculkan diagnosis tuli yang membawa keluarga memasuki masa krisis dan menemui beberapa faktor risiko, seperti kendala komunikasi, kendala finansial, kurangnya informasi pendampingan anak tuli, masalah sosial, serta kendala pengasuhan anak tuli yang beranjak remaja. Strategi adaptasi berupa komunikasi, pengelolaan emosi, nilai keluarga, dan dukungan dari kerabat menjadi faktor protektif yang mampu membawa keluarga bangkit kembali. Pada akhirnya, keluarga dapat bangkit dan menyesuaikan diri secara positif. Hal penting yang mampu membuat keluarga bangkit kembali yakni semangat anak tuli untuk berkembang serta keyakinan religius.

The presence of a deaf child can bring changes to the dynamics in the family. Family functioning will be disrupted if the family is unable to cope with changes, challenges, and crises, such as communication problems, care costs, and other parenting challenges. The family needs to have resilience or the ability to adapt positively and sustainably so that family functions can run in balance. This study aims to determine the dynamics of family resilience from the stage before the child is diagnosed with deafness, diagnosed with deafness, to after being diagnosed with deafness. This study used a qualitative method of case studies in three families, each consisting of 4 family members including deaf children of adolescent age (13-18 years). Data collection was carried out by observation and interviews on each family member, except deaf children. The results of the study found that in the initial phase before the child was diagnosed with deafness, the family received pressure in the form of deafness symptoms. Examination of deafness symptoms gave rise to a diagnosis of deafness that brought the family into a period of crisis and encountered several risk factors, such as communication constraints, financial constraints, lack of information on mentoring deaf children, social problems, and obstacles to the care of deaf children who are growing up in adolescence. Adaptation strategies in the form of communication, emotional management, family values, and support from relatives are protective factors that are able to bring the family back to life. In the end, the family can rise up and adjust positively. The important thing that can make the family rise again is the spirit of deaf children to develop and religious beliefs.

Kata Kunci : resiliensi keluarga, kualitatif, keluarga dengan anak tuli, remaja, family resilience, qualitative, family with deaf children, adolescents