EXPLORING PUBLIC PERCEPTION TOWARD GOVERNMENT'S POLICIES IN RESPONDING TO COVID-19

ANGGRAINI DWI S, Ir. Hilya Mudrika Arini, S.T., M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN.Eng

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Upaya penanganan penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 secara efektif akan sia-sia tanpa pemahaman yang baik tentang persepsi dan komunikasi risiko yang baik pada masyarakat. Pada awalnya, kementrian kesehatan telah mengeluarkan pedoman terkait komunikasi risiko virus Covid-19. Pedoman ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan mengedukasi masyarakat tentang virus corona, agar banyak masyarakat yang teredukasi, sehingga mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19 dapat dihentikan. Sayangnya, jumlah kasus Covid-19 terus bertambah. Kesenjangan informasi mengenai risiko Covid-19 antara pemerintah kepada masyarakat mengakibatkan berbagai permasalahan seperti dampak sosial ekonomi, hilangnya reputasi dan kepercayaan kepada pemerintah, bahkan hingga korban jiwa. Permasalahan komunikasi risiko Covid-19 menjadi kompleks karena permasalahan yang terjadi akan saling berkaitan dan berpengaruh satu sama lain. Dengan demikian penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menggali kondisi terkini dari persepsi risiko masyarakat terhadap upaya pemerintah dalam penanganan Covid-19. Dinamika Sistem adalah disiplin yang berfokus pada penelitian dan analisis sistem umpan balik informasi. Keuntungan utama dari System Dynamic dalam aplikasi pandemi adalah kemampuannya yang realistis untuk mewakili perilaku manusia sebagai variabel lunak. Variabel soft dievaluasi melalui pemodelan kualitatif dengan menggunakan Causal Loop Diagram. Focus Group Discussion diterapkan untuk mengumpulkan data dari perserta penelitian. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tematik untuk menganalisis data dari hasil Focus Group Discussion. Hasil menunjukkan penyintas dan non-penyintas memiliki perbedaan persepsi dalam menanggapi tindakan pemerintah dalam pengendalian Covid-19. Sehingga dilakukan combined FGD yang menggabungkan kedua kelompok tersebut agar pemerintah dapat membuat peraturan yang dapat merangkul kedua kelompok tersebut. Startegi diusulkan dalam penelitian ini, sebaiknya pemerintah mengevaluasi kembali cara penyampaian edukasi tentang Covid-19 agar masyarakat mudah mengadopsinya. Strategi tersebut berupa mengandalkan pada keseluruhan entitas hingga unit administrasi terendah. Sehingga regulasinya yang diterima lebih familiar. Pemerintah harus membangun kepercayaan antara pemerintah dan masyarakat. Selain itu, kredibilitas media harus ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi isu kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap media.

The endeavor to deal with the spread of Covid-19 pandemic effectively will remain futile without a proper understanding of the perception and communication of risk to the public. At the beginning, public health officials had issued guidelines related to communicating the risk of the Covid-19 virus. This guideline aims to provide information and educate the public about the corona virus, so that the government had purpose that many people are educated, then the chain of the spread of Covid-19 can be stopped. Unfortunately the number of Covid-19 cases keep growing. The gap information of Covid-19 risks from the government to the public will result in various problems such as socio-economic impacts, loss of reputation and trust in the government, and even loss of life. The problem of Covid-19 risk communication is becoming complex because the problems that occur will be interrelated and influential. Thus, this study had purpose to explore the current condition of the risk perception in risk communication of the community in response to Covid-19 pandemic by using system dynamic approach. Systems Dynamics is a discipline that focuses on the research and analysis of information feedback systems. The main advantage of System Dynamic in pandemic applications is its realistic ability to represent human behavior as a soft variable. Soft variables were evaluated through qualitative modeling using a Causal Loop Diagram. Focus Group Discussion was applied to collect data from research participants. The analysis of this research uses thematic analysis to analyze the data from the results of the Focus Group Discussion. The results show that survivors and susceptible peoples have different perceptions in responding to government actions in controlling Covid-19. So that a combined FGD was carried out which combined the two groups so that the government could make regulations that could embrace the two groups. The strategy proposed in this study, the government should re-evaluate the way of delivering education about Covid-19 so that it is easy for people to adopt it. The strategy is to rely on the whole entity to the lowest administrative unit. So that the accepted regulations are more familiar. The government must build trust between the government and the people. In addition, the credibility of the media must be increased to address the issue of public trust in the media.

Kata Kunci : risk perception, risk communication, gap information, system dynamic, FGD, Covid-19, qualitative research