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PERSEPSI APOTEKER PADA PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KEPULAUAN RIAU

SHAHIROH HAULAINI, Dr. Anna Wahyuni Widayati, MPH. Apt.; Dr. Susi Ari Kristina,S.Farm., M.Kes., Apt.

2022 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan infeksi virus baru yang dilaporkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) berasal dari Wuhan, China pada akhir tahun 2019. Penyebaran infeksi terjadi dengan cepat dan menciptakan ancaman pandemi baru. Apoteker memiliki peran yang penting ketika terjadi bencana dengan menjamin pasokan obat-obatan, alat kesehatan dan bahan medis agar tetap terjamin serta memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait persepsi apoteker serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran dan praktik pelayanan kefarmasian oleh apoteker di tengah masyarakat menghadapi pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed-methods exploratory sequential. Penelitian kualitatif dilaksanakan dengan metode Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan 15 responden perwakilan apoteker di Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas, klinik dan apotek. Hasil FGD dianalisis dengan inductive content analysis dan menjadi dasar pengembangan kuesioner. Terhadap kuesioner sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring dan diperoleh 115 responden. Data penelitian kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Jamovi version 2.0 untuk melihat kaitan antara faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi Apoteker terhadap perannya ketika pandemi COVID-19. Uji statistik yang dilakukan adalah Mann Whitney, Spearman Rank dan Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian kualitatif berupa 5 tema yang dijadikan sebagai dasar pengembangan kuesioner: peran apoteker dalam menjalankan manajemen sediaan farmasi, alat kesehatan dan BMHP; peran apoteker dalam menjalankan layanan farmasi klinis; perilaku konsumsi masyarakat terhadap sediaan farmasi selama pandemi; pengambangan peran dan kapasitas apoteker selama pandemi; dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi peran dan praktik apoteker selama pandemi. Hasil pengembangan kuesioner didapatkan 38 item pertanyaan sesuai dengan domain pada penelitian kualitatif. Hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa kuesioner tersebut dapat digunakan untuk penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi apoteker terhadap perannya dimanajemen sediaan farmasi, alkes dan BMHP, layanan farmasi klinis maupun pengembangan peran dan kapasitas apoteker selama pandemi.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral infection reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) originating from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Pharmacists have an important role in the event of a disaster by ensuring the supply of medicines, medical devices, and materials are guaranteed also providing pharmaceutical services. This study aims to provide an overview of pharmacist perceptions and analyze the factors that influence the role and practice of pharmacy services by pharmacists in the community facing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a mixed-methods exploratory sequential design. The qualitative research was carried out using the Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) method which involved 15 respondents representing pharmacists in hospitals, Puskesmas, clinics, and pharmacies. The results of the FGD were analyzed by inductive content analysis and became the basis for instrument development. Quantitative research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner by distributing online questionnaires with 115 respondents. Quantitative research data were analyzed descriptively Jamovi version 2.0 to see the relationship between factors that influence pharmacists' perceptions of their role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical tests carried out were Mann Whitney, Spearman Rank, and Kruskal Wallis. The results of qualitative research are 5 themes that serve as the basis for developing the questionnaire: the role of pharmacists in the management of pharmaceutical preparations, medical devices, and medical consumables; the role of pharmacists in clinical pharmacy services; public consumption behavior towards pharmaceutical preparations during the pandemic; developing the role and capacity of pharmacists during the pandemic; and external factors influencing the role and practice of pharmacists during the pandemic. The results of the questionnaire development were obtained from 38 statement items according to the domain in qualitative research. The results of the validity and reliability test of the questionnaire indicate that the questionnaire can be used for quantitative research. The results of statistical tests show that there are no factors that influence pharmacists' perceptions of their role in the management of pharmaceutical preparations, medical equipment, and medical consumables, clinical pharmacy services, or the development of the role and capacity of pharmacists during the pandemic.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, persepsi apoteker, peran apoteker, pandemi, bencana

  1. S2-2022-465531-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2022-465531-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2022-465531-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2022-465531-title.pdf