PERTUNJUKAN HEWAN LAUT PADA FILM DOKUMENTER BLACKFISH DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANIMAL WELFARE MENURUT PETER SINGER

NABILA SYIFA FAUZIAH, Samsul Ma'arif M., S.Fil., M.A.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FILSAFAT

Penelitian tentang film dokumenter Blackfish yang ditinjau dalam perspektif Animal Welfare menurut Peter Singer dilatarbelakangi oleh problem moral yang ditimbulkan dari pertunjukan hewan laut di SeaWorld. Munculnya berbagai problem etis yang ditimbulkan akibat dari eksploitasi hewan telah membuat hewan menderita dan kesejahteraan hewan diabaikan. Film dokumenter Blackfish sendiri menceritakan mengenai dampak taman hiburan bagi psikis hewan, aktivitas alami hewan, hubungan dengan keluarga yang semuanya berubah setelah hewan berada di dalam taman hiburan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai penderitaan hewan yang harus dipertimbangkan secara moral dari sudut pandang Animal Welfare menurut Peter Singer dalam menganalisis problem moral yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat dan organisme yang hidup di dalam SeaWorld. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif bidang filsafat, jenis penelitian yang merupakan kajian kepustakaan mengenai masalah aktual. Bahan penelitian berasal dari buku, jurnal, film, dan transkrip yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Jalan penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan inventarisasi dan kategorisasi, klasifikasi, analisis-sintesis, dan penyusunan dan pengolahan data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan verstehen, interpretasi, hermeneutika, induktif dan heuristika. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu film dokumenter Blackfish mencoba mendobrak cara pandang manusia terhadap SeaWorld. Eksploitasi hewan yang berlebihan demi menunjang kepentingan manusia telah mencederai pertimbangan moral terhadap hewan. Pandangan Animal Welfare Peter Singer yang memiliki pemahaman bahwa bukan hanya manusia yang dapat merasakan sakit tetapi hewan juga merasakan sakit dan kesejahteraan nya perlu dipertimbangkan secara moral sangat terkait dalam penelitian ini. Film dokumenter Blackfish memuat konsep Animal Welfare, yaitu : 1). Utilitarianisme yang memperbolehkan pemanfaatan hewan tetapi juga ada beberapa standar yang harus diperhatikan. 2). Tingkat kesejahteraan hewan dapat dilihat dari seberapa hewan mendapatkan rasa sakit. 3). Spesiesme: memandang kepentingan manusia lebih penting dan harus didahulukan. Konsep Animal Welfare menurut Peter Singer dalam film dokumenter Blackfish memusatkan perhatian terhadap akar permasalah dari penyebab sifat agresif hewan, dan berusaha memberikan pemahaman bahwa hewan juga memiliki pertimbangan moral yang sama.

The Research of a documentary film called Blackfish has reviewed with an Animal Welfare perspective and with morality problems occurred because of the sea animal show in SeaWorld as the background. The emergence of various ethical problems caused by the exploitation of animals has made animals suffer and animal welfare is neglected. This documentary film itself tells about the impact of Seaworld on the psyche of animals, the natural activities of animals, the relationships with families that all change after the animals are in SeaWorld. The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of animal suffering which must be considered morally from the point of view of Animal Welfare according to Peter Singer in analyzing the moral problems faced by society and the organisms that live in SeaWorld. This research is qualitative research in philosophy with a literature study on actual problems as the type of research. The research materials are derived from related books, journals, films, and also transcripts. The research has been done through several steps, which are inventory and categorization, classification, analysis-synthesis, and critical evaluation. The research applies verstehen, interpretation, hermeneutics, and holistic for the data analysis. The result of this research is the documentary film Blackfish trying to break the way humans perceive SeaWorld. Excessive exploitation of animals for the benefit of humans has hurt moral considerations for animals. Peter Singer's view of Animal Welfare, which has the understanding that not only humans can feel pain, but animals also feel pain and their welfare needs to be considered morally very related in this study. The documentary film Blackfish contains the concept of Animal Welfare, namely: 1). Utilitarianism which allows the use of animals but there are also some standards that must be observed. 2). The level of animal welfare can be seen from how much the animal gets pain. 3). Speciesism: views human interests as more important and must come first. The concept of Animal Welfare according to Peter Singer in the documentary film Blackfish focuses on the root cause of the aggressiveness of animals, and tries to provide an understanding that animals also have the same moral considerations.

Kata Kunci : Animal Welfare, SeaWorld, Film Dokumenter Blackfish