Konstruksi Keyakinan Agama Personal pada Individu yang Pernah Mengalami Gangguan Kesurupan

SISWANTO, Prof. Subandi, M.A., Ph.D.; Dr. Ira Paramastri, M.Si.

2020 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PSIKOLOGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teori mengenai konstruksi keyakinan agama personal pada individu yang pernah mengalami gangguan kesurupan. Sepanjang studi literatur, belum ada yang khusus membahas kaitan keyakinan agama personal terhadap gangguan kesurupan. Disain riset yang digunakan adalah disain multi kasus tipe eksplanatoris yang mengikuti logika replikasi, yaitu bila kasus-kasus yang diteliti memberikan hasil yang sama, maka dikatakan telah terjadi replikasi. Disain ini dipandang paling mungkin untuk mengembangkan teori baru dalam penelitian studi kasus. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara semi terstruktur dan tes melengkapi kalimat. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga partisipan yang pernah mengalami gangguan kesurupan sedikitnya dua kali dan memenuhi kriteria PPDGJ III atau ICD 10 atau DSM 5 sebagai replika literal, serta dua partisipan yang tidak pernah mengalami gangguan kesurupan sebagai replika teoritis. Analisis data terdiri dari pengujian, pengkatagorian, pentabulasian, ataupun pengombinasian kembali bukti-bukti untuk memeriksa proposisi awal penelitian. Kredibilitas penelitian dilakukan dengan cara semua pertemuan wawancara direkam, transkrip verbatim diberikan kembali kepada partisipan untuk dikonfirmasi, triangulasi data wawancara dengan data tes melengkapi kalimat dan informan yang mengenal partisipan, serta mengkonfirmasi kembali kepada para partisipan setelah data dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, para partisipan mengalami gangguan kesurupan ketika muncul perasaan takut yang berkaitan dengan dunia supranatural, dan mereka tidak bisa mengelola rasa takut tersebut saat melihat atau merasakan kehadiran roh halus. Proses konstruksi keyakinan agama personal yang disertai rasa takut berkaitan dengan suasana keluarga dan relasi dengan ayah, serta pola pengasuhan yang menakut-nakuti. Penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya peranan keluarga di masa kanak-kanak dalam proses konstruksi keyakinan agama personal.

This study aims to develop theories about the construction of personal religious beliefs in individuals who have experienced possession disorders. Possession disorder criterion in this study is possession as referred to in PPDGJ III or ICD 10 or DSM 5. The research design used is a multi-case explanatory type design. This design follows the logic of replication, that is, if the cases studied to provide the same results, then it is said to have replicated. This design is seen as most likely to develop new theories in case study research. Throughout the literature study, no one has specifically discussed the relationship of personal religious beliefs to possession disorders. Retrieval of data using semi-structured interview methods and tests complete the sentence. Participants in this study were participants who had experienced possession disorders at least twice. Data analysis consists of testing, categorizing, tabulating, or recombining the evidence to examine initial research propositions. The credibility of the study was carried out by means of all interview meetings recorded, transcripts that were made verbatim given back to participants to be confirmed, triangulation of interview data with test data and people who knew the participants, as well as confirming back to the participants after the data were analyzed. The results show that the feelings of fear that accompany religious beliefs, especially those related to the supernatural world, can be indicated by the occurrence of possession disorders when individuals cannot manage the fear that arises when they see or feel the presence of spirits. The results also show that the process of constructing personal religious beliefs accompanied by fear can be related to frightening parenting patterns, but also by the atmosphere of the family and relationships with father. The results showed the importance of the role of the family in childhood in the process of construction of personal religious beliefs.

Kata Kunci : possession disorder, dissociative trance disorder, dissociative identity disorder, personal religious beliefs, multi-case explanatory type, parenting