INOVASI IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN (SNP): PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SEKOLAH

Moh. Sulthon Amien, Prof. Dr. Muhadjir Darwin, M.P.A. ; Prof. Suyanto, M.Ed., Ph.D. ; Dr. Agus Heruanto Hadna, M.Si.

2019 | Disertasi | DOKTOR KEPEMIMPINAN DAN INOVASI KEBIJAKAN

Standar Proses merupakan jantung dari sistem pendidikan yang efektivitas dan kesuksesannya bergantung pada pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami pengembangan inovasi implementasi Standar Proses dan Standar PTK di SD Sekolah Alam Jawa Timur (SEJATI) (pseudonim) serta melihat peran kepemimpinan dalam menciptakan budaya sekolah dalam pengembangan inovasi di kedua standar tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan merupakan stakeholder SEJATI yang meliputi ketua yayasan, kepala sekolah, guru, orang tua, siswa dan alumni, jumlah keseluruhannya 24 orang. Data dikumpulkan dalam bentuk catatan lapangan, foto, dokumentasi milik sekolah, hasil observasi dan wawancara, serta rekaman audio dan video. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: (1) Pengembangan inovasi di SEJATI dimulai dari visi pendiri yaitu melahirkan generasi yang siap hidup pada zamannya. Pendiri kemudian mengembangkan 11 inovasi implementasi Standar Proses dan Standard PTK. Pengembangan inovasi Standar Proses bertumpu pada persiapan dan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa. Pengembangan inovasi Standar PTK bertumpu pada optimalisasi peran guru dan tenaga pendidikan. (2) Kepemimpinan SEJATI yang directive berperan dalam pengembangan inovasi melalui penerapan keputusan inovasi otoritatif. Hal ini membuat pengembangan bertumpu pada pimpinan sekolah. (3) Kepemimpinan SEJATI berperan terhadap pengembangan budaya sekolah melalui penanaman dan pengutan nilai dan kepercayaan yang melahirkan inovasi Standar Proses dan Standar PTK.

The process standard is the heart of education system which effectiveness is influenced and depended on the quality of the teachers and education personnels. This research aims to investigate the innovation development and the roles of leadership and the school culture in implementing the process standard and the teacher and education personnel standard in the Sekolah Alam Jawa Timur elementary school in East Java, Indonesia. This is a qualitative research. Informants are 24 SEJATI stakeholders i.e., head of foundation, principal, teachers, parents, students, alumni. Data are collected in the forms of field notes, pictures, school documents, observation and intervew data, audio and video records. Data collection was done through indepth interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this research are as follow: (1) The development of innovations on the implementation of the process standard and the teacher and education personnel standard was inspired by the vision of the founder of SEJATI i.e., to shape generations that are ready for their era. Therefore, the founder developed 11 innovations on the implementations of the process standard and the teacher and education personnel standard. The development of innovations on the implementations of the process standard was laid on the learning plan and the student-centered learning processes. The development of innovations on the implementations of the teacher and education personnel standard was laid on the optimalization of the teacher and education personnels role (2) the head of the school foundation leadership style which is directive has significant role in the development of innovation through authoritaty decision innovation. The development of innovations depend on the leaders of the school. (3) the SEJATI leadership has contribution on the development of school culture through growing and sthrengthening values and beliefs which support innovations on the implementations of the process standard and the teacher and education personnel standard.

Kata Kunci : Inovasi, Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Kepemimpinan, Budaya Sekolah