STATUS KERENTANAN NYAMUK Culex quinquefasciatus TERHADAP INSEKTISIDA MALATION DAN PERMETRIN DI DAERAH ENDEMIS DAN NON ENDEMIS FILARIASIS BANCROFTI DI KABUPATEN

HUSNATUN NIHAYAH, Dr. Budi Mulyaningsih, M.S., Apt.; Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, S. U.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU BIOMEDIK

Latar Belakang: Filariasis banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Kabupaten Brebes merupakan daerah endemis filariasis bancrofti. Nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor utama filariasis yang disebabkan oleh Wuchereria bancrofti. Pemberantasan vektor penyakit yang banyak dilakukan di Indonesia adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida malation dan permetrin. Penggunaan insektisida dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan penurunan status kerentanan dari target vektor. Penentuan status kerentanan Cx. quinquefasciatus di Kabupaten Brebes perlu dilakukan untuk monitoring penggunaan insektisida. Tujuan: Mengkaji status kerentanan nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus terhadap insektisida malation dan permetrin, serta mengkaji aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik dan enzim monooksigenase pada Cx. quinquefasciatus yang berasal dari daerah endemis dan non endemis filariasis bancrofti di Kabupaten Brebes. Metode: Sampel nyamuk diambil dari daerah endemis (Kecamatan Ketanggungan) dan non endemis (Kecamatan Paguyangan) filariasis di Kabupaten Brebes. Penentuan status kerentanan dilakukan dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay terhadap insektisida malation dengan dosis uji 400mcg/botol, dan permetrin dengan dosis 43mcg/botol. Uji biokimia dilakukan dengan metode Lee. Hasil: Nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus yang berasal dari daerah endemis (Desa Karangmalang) dan non endemis (Desa Pakujati dan Winduaji) masih rentan terhadap malation, persentase kematiannya mencapai 100%. Namun sudah resisten terhadap permetrin dengan persentase kematian di Karangmalang 57,22%; Pakujati 45%; dan Winduaji 57,77%. Hasil uji biokimia menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik pada larva dari kedua daerah, namun tidak ada peningkatan aktivitas enzim monooksigenase di kedua daerah (kecuali Winduaji). Kesimpulan: Nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus yang berasal dari Kabupaten Brebes masih rentan terhadap malation dan sudah resisten terhadap permetrin. Ada peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase nonspesifik namun tidak ada peningkatan ektifitas enzim monooksigenase (kecuali Winduaji).

Background: Filariasis is found in Indonesia. Brebes District is a bancroftian filariasis endemic area. Culex quinquiefasciatus is the main vector of filariasis, which has been caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. The eradication of disease vector that has been widely performed in Indonesia relies on the use of malathion and permethrin insecticide. The use of such insecticide in the long term might decrease on susceptibility status for the targeted vector. The determination on the state of susceptibility Cx. quinquefasciatus in Brebes district should be pursued in order to monitor the insecticide use. Objective: The research was to elucidate the susceptibility status of Cx. quinquefasciatus on malathion and permethrin insecticide and to review the activity of non-specific esterase enzyme and monooxygenase enzyme on Cx. quinquefasciatus that have been collected from endemic and nonendemic bancroftian filariasis area in Brebes. Method: Samples were taken from endemic area (Ketanggungan district) and non-endemic area (Paguyangan district) filariasis in Brebes Regency. The determination on the state of susceptibility was performed by performing CDC bottle bioassay method on malathion with the diagnostic dose 400 mcg/bottle, on permethrin with the diagnostic dose 43 mcg/bottle. Then, the biochemical test was conducted by performing Lee method. Results: Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitos that had been collected from endemic area (Karangmalang) and non endemic area (Pakujati, and Winduaji) were still susceptible toward malathion; percentage of mortality is 100%, however, these mosquitos had been resistance toward permethrin with respective percentage of mortality as follows: 57.22%; 45.00%; and 57.77%. The results of biochemical test showed increasing activity on non-specific esterase enzyme on both location but did not show increasing activity on monooxygenase enzyme (exc. Winduaji) Conclusions: Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitos that have been collected from Brebes District are still susceptible to malathion but have been resistance toward permethrin. In addition, there has been increasing activity on non-specific esterase enzyme but did not show increasing activity on monooxygenase enzyme (except Winduaji).

Kata Kunci : Cx. quinquefasciatus, malation, permetrin, enzim esterase non spesifik, enzim monooksigenase, Cx. quinquefasciatus, malathion, permethrin, non-specific esterase enzyme, and monooxygenase enzyme.