JOGJA ASAT: DINAMIKA KONFLIK SUMBER DAYA AIR DI KOTA JOGJA

AINIA PRIHANTINI, Dr. Setiadi, M.Si.

2016 | Tesis | S2 ILMU ANTROPOLOGI

Sumber daya air berpotensi melahirkan konflik. Persepsi orang mengenai air, terutama air tanahâ, sebagai barang milik publik memungkinkan setiap orang dapat mengambilnya dengan bebas. Di sisi lain, perubahan fisik kota juga dapat memengaruhi ketersediaan air tanah. Misalnya, pembangunan hotel secara masif yang menyebabkan penurunan debit air sumur di Kota Yogyakarta. Hal tersebut menyebabkan munculnya konflik antarpemangku kepentingan, yakni antara warga, pengusaha hotel, dan pemerintah. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara, pengamatan, dan penghimpunan dokumen tertulis. Data tersebut dipakai untuk melakukan pemetaan guna mengetahui hubungan antaraktor yang berkonflik. Hasilnya dipakai untuk menganalisis dinamika dan tahapan konflik. Dari langkah tersebut, dapat diketahui apakah terjadi transformasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai penting sumur sebagai penyedia sumber daya air, serta dinamika dan transformasi konflik yang menyertainya. Warga menjadi agen inferior yang memiliki keterbatasan akses terhadap sumber daya air. Posisi tersebut menyebabkan perlawanan warga bersifat kultural. Modal sosial dipakai untuk menjalin koalisi sehingga memicu eskalasi konflik. Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta yang sedianya menjadi regulator justru menjadi bagian dari konflik. Sementara itu, pengusaha Hotel Fave (dengan modal kapital yang dimilikinya) menawarkan penyelesaian masalah melalui meja hijau. Akibatnya, lahirlah hubungan simbiosis mutualisme antara pemerintah dan pengusaha hotel yang semakin menekan posisi warga. Posisi warga yang inferior pun kalah dengan adanya politik transaksional yang menjanjikan ganti-untung dan melahirkan represi berantai. Pada akhirnya, resolusi dicapai melalui negosiasi tanpa adanya solusi.

Water resources have a potential to become a source of conflict. People commonly have a perception that water, particularly ground water, is a public property that anyone can take it freely. However, on the other side, physical change of a city also affects the availability of ground water. For instance, a massive hotel development in the City of Yogyakarta caused a decrease in ground water discharge. This created conflict between citizens, hotelier and government as the stakeholders. Qualitative data collection was conducted through interview, observation and archives collection. Data from those methods were used to map out relation between conflicting parties. The mapping result was used to analyse the dynamics and stages of conflict to understand whether there is a conflict transformation or not. This research shows a significance of well as water resources, along with the dynamics and transformation of conflict around it. Citizens were on the inferior position who had limited access to the water resources. This sort of position made them fight back using cultural approach. The social capital was utilised to build coalition that triggers escalation of conflict. The Yogyakarta City Government, who was supposed to be a regulator, instead became a part of conflict. Meanwhile, the hotelier of Fave Hotel, with its capital, offered to resolve this problem through the courts. This created a symbiotic mutualism between the government and the hotelier, which oppressed the position of citizens. The inferior position of citizens was finally defeated by the transactional politics which promised compensation and created a series of repression. At the end, conflict resolution was reached through negotiation without a real solution.

Kata Kunci : eksploitasi,Jogja Asat, Jogja Kangen KPK, Jogja Ora Didol, koalisi, konflik sumber daya air, krisis air, sumber daya air, sumur, transformasi konflik, Warga Berdaya