UJI POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT BUAH JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

ANGELINE SOEPARTO, Tri Murini,Dra.,Apt.,M.Si. ; dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.sc.,Ph.D

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Demam berdarah merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama. Obat nyamuk elektrik cair dengan bahan kimia merupakan salah satu penanganan yang sudah dilakukan. Keamanan penggunaan bahan kimia dalam pengendalian vektor belum terjamin. Bahan alami dianggap dapat digunakan sebagain insektisida yang aman. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui daya insektisidal dari minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix), yang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar obat nyamuk elektrik cair, terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode: Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti yang digunakan dewasa betina berumur 2-5 hari yang dibagi kedalam 5 kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan yang berbeda. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada subjek berupa pemberian obat nyamuk elektrik cair berbahan dasar minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut dengan 3 konsentrasi yang berbeda (25%, 50%, 75%). Kontrol positif menggunakan obat nyamuk berbahan kimia yaitu transflutrin 0.03% dan kontrol negative menggunakan minyak zaitun. Tiap kelompok diuji selama 60 menit, mengamati dan mencatat mortalitas nyamuk tiap 10 menit lalu melakukan konfirmasi setelah 24 jam. Replikasi dilakukan 3 kali. Hasil : Rata-rata presentase nyamuk yang mati setelah pemaparan 24 jam dan replikasi sebanyak 3 kali pada kontrol negatif = 4%, Minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut 25% = 1.3%, minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut 50% = 42.6%, minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut 75% = 78.6%, kontrol positif = 97.3%. Kesimpulan : Minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) memiliki daya insektisida terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti.

Background: Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and Aedes aegypti mosquito as the major vector. Electric mosquito repellent liquid using chemicals is one of the treatment that has been done. Mean while, the safety standard of chemicals in controlling vector is not yet assured, thus natural materials assumed to be the alternatives for the safer insecticide. Objective: To determine the insecticidal activity of essential oils of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) as liquid basic material of electric mosquito repellent against Aedes aegypti. Methods:Research are using adult subjects from the females mosquito of Aedes aegypti aged 2-5 days, those mosquitos will be divided into 5 groups with 5 different treatments. The treatment given to the object in the form of giving electric liquid of drug mosquito which based from kaffir lime rind essential oil with 3 different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%). A positive control is using insect repellent made from transflutrin 0.03% and negative controls is using olive oil. Each group of subjects were tested for 60 minutes, then the mosquito mortality was observed and recorded every 10 minutes and later to be confirmed after 24 hours. Replication is done for three times. Result: The average number of knockdown in 24 hours for negative control = 4%, kaffir lime rind essential oil 25% = 1.3%, kaffir lime rind essential oil 50% = 42.6%, kaffir lime rind essential oil 75% = 78.6%, positive control = 97.3%. Conclusion: Essential oils of kaffir lime rind as liquid basic material of electric mosquito repellent has an insecticide activity to against Aedes aegypti.

Kata Kunci : nyamuk Aedes aegypti, Citrus hystrix, minyak atsiri, obat nyamuk.