DETERMINAN PERILAKU TES HIV IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG

RANY EKAWATI, Prof. dr. Mohammad Hakimi, SpOG (K), PhD; Dr. Yanri Wijayanti, PhD, SpPD-KPTI

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Epidemi AIDS sudah menyebar ke populasi umum. Secara global, pada tahun 2013, infeksi HIV baru sebesar 2,1 (1,9-2,4) juta termasuk 240.000 kasus pada anak-anak. Lebih dari 90% kasus anak terinfeksi HIV, ditularkan melalui proses penularan dari ibu ke anak atau mother to child HIV transmission (MTCT). Akses terhadap pengobatan HIV dimulai dengan konseling dan tes. Tes dan konseling pada ibu hamil dianjurkan sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan laboratorium rutin saat pemeriksaan asuhan antenatal atau menjelang persalinan. Pada tahun 2014, Puskesmas Bandarharjo melaporkan sebanyak 3,7% (73 ibu) ibu hamil melakukan tes HIV dari jumlah ibu hamil yang ditawari tes HIV (1.987 ibu). Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Semarang. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian observasional berupa rancangan matched case control. Sampel adalah ibu hamil yang ANC di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang yang sudah ditawari tes HIV sebanyak 90 sampel. Sampel kelompok kontrol di match sesuai umur trimester kehamilan pada kelompok kasus dengan perbandingan 1:1. Sampel diambil dengan consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis univariabel, bivariabel menggunakan uji McNemar, multivariabel dengan conditional logistic regression. Hasil: Alasan ibu hamil mau melakukan tes HIV paling banyak karena saran dari bidan. Alasan ibu hamil tidak melakukan tes HIV paling banyak karena dijadwal ulang untuk tes. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan, tetapi secara praktis variabel informasi HIV (OR 2,35; CI95% 0,801-6,9) dan stigma (OR 2,16; CI95% 0,722-6,479) berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV. Kesimpulan: Saran dari bidan dan kehadiran petugas laboratorium penting bagi ibu hamil untuk melakukan tes HIV. Secara praktis informasi HIV dan stigma berhubungan dengan perilaku tes HIV.

Background: The AIDS epidemic has spread to the general population. Globally, in 2013, new HIV infections amounted to 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) million, including 240,000 cases in children. More than 90% of cases of children infected with HIV are transmitted through transmission from mother to son called Mother to Child HIV Transmission (MTCT). Access to HIV treatment begins with testing and counseling. Testing and counseling among pregnant women is recommended as part of routine laboratory tests during the examination antenatal or before delivery. In 2014, PHC Bandarharjo reported 3.7% (73 mothers) pregnant women have HIV test from pregnant women get offered HIV test (1.987 mothers). Objective: To determine factors associated with behavioral HIV testing in pregnant women at health centers Bandarharjo Semarang. Methods: This study is a descriptive analytic observational with matched case control design. Samples were pregnant women at health centers Bandarharjo Semarang who have been offered an HIV test as many as 90 samples. Samples in control group match according to trimester age of pregnancy in cases group with ratio of 1:1. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling. The research instrument used questionnaire. The data analysis consisted of univariable, bivariable using McNemar test, and multivariable using conditional logistic regression. Results: The reason pregnant women want to have an HIV test at most because of advice from midwife. The reason women do not have an HIV test at most because rescheduled for test. There is no significant relationship, but practically variable information on HIV (OR 2.35; CI95% from 0.801 to 6.9) and stigma (OR 2.16; CI95% from 0.722 to 6.479) associated with HIV testing behavior. Conclusion: Advice from midwives and laboratory assistants presence is important for pregnant women to have an HIV test. In practical information about HIV and the stigma associated with HIV testing behavior.

Kata Kunci : tes HIV, ibu hamil, Bandarharjo, matched case control ,HIV testing, pregnant women, Bandarharjo, matched case control