POTENSI EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN Drimys spp. SEBAGAI Repellent TERHADAP Tribolium castaneum Herbst

KORNELA I MANDATJAN, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nogroho, M. Agr.; Dr. R. C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M. S.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Tribolium castaneum Herbst merupakan hama sekunder yang berpotensi merusak hasil pasca panen pertanian. Keberadaan T. castaneum pada gudang penyimpanan beras dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas beras, yang merupakan bahan pangan utama bagi sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun dan kulit batang Drimys spp. sebagai repellent terhadap T. castaneum, bagian organ yang paling berpotensi sebagai repellent serta golongan senyawa yang terkandung didalam ekstrak berpotensi sebagai repellent T. castaneum. Ekstraksi daun dan kulit batang Drimys spp. dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter. Pengujian repellent dilakukan menggunakan olfaktometer, dan analisis kandungan senyawanya dengan GCMS. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji Duncan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun dan kulit batang D. piperita, D. becariana, dan D. arfakensis efektiv sebagai penolak terhadap T. castaneum. Persentase repellency tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak daun D. becariana konsentrasi 1000 ppm sebesar 97,5%. Jika dilihat berdasarkan konsentrasi maka persentase repellency tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak daun D. piperita konsentrasi 62,5 ppm yaitu 91,25%. Hasil analisis duncan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan (jenis ekstrak* konsentrasi* waktu) yang paling berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas repellency adalah ekstrak daun D. piperita konsentrasi 500 ppm setelah dua jam pemaparan. Ekstrak daun D. piperita lebih efektif sebagai repellent terhadap T. castaneum dari pada ekstrak daun dan kulit batang D. becariana, daun dan kulit batang D. arfakensis, dan ekstrak kulit batang D. piperita. Peningkatan konsentrasi larutan uji tidak menunjukkan peningkatan yang linier terhadap efektivitas repellency T. castaneum. Ekstrak daun D. piperita (ekstrak paling berpotensi), mengandung 92 senyawa yang dikelompokan kedalam senyawa monoterpen, seskuiterpen, diterpen, triterpen dan beta tocopherol (Vitamin E).

T. castaneum is a potential insect to damage the yield of postharvest agriculture. The existence of T. castaneum in rice warehouse can decline quality and quantity of rice, which it is the main of staple food for most of Indonesian people. The aim of this research was to know the effectiveness of leaf and bark extracts of Drimys spp. as repellent against T. castaneum, the most potential organ as repellent, and group of compound which was contained in potential extracts as repellent against T. castaneum. Extraction of leaves and barks of Drimys spp. was conducted using olfactometer and analysis of compound concentration using GCMS. The data of observed result was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this research showed that leaf and bark extracts of D. piperita, D. becariana, and D. arfakensis were effective as repellent against T. castaneum. The highest percentage of repellency was indicated by leaf extract of D. becariana of 1000 ppm concentrations by 97,5%. If it was viewed based on ,concentration, then the highest percentage of repellency was in leaf extract of D. piperita of 62,5 ppm concentrations by 91,25%. The result of Duncan Test showed that treatment combination (types of extract* concentrations* time) which had the most influential effect against the effectiveness of repellency was leaf extract of D. piperita of 500 concentrations after 2 hours of exposure. Leaf extract of D. piperita was more effective as repellent against T. castaneum than leaf and bark extract of D. becariana, leaf and bark extract of D. arfakensis, and bark extract of D. piperita. Increasing concentration of solution test showed no linear increase against effectiveness of T. castaneum repellency. Leaf extract of D. piperita (the most potential extract) contained 92 compounds which were classified into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and betha-tocopherol.

Kata Kunci : Drimys, repellent, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, GCMS.