AIPAC DIBALIK DUKUNGAN AMERIKA TERHADAP SERANGAN ISRAEL KE GAZA 2014

GWIJANGGE TONCE, Dr. Siti Mutiah Setiawati, MA

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Intisari Penelitian ini menganalisa peran American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) sebagai sebuah kelompok kepentingan dibalik dukungan Amerika Serikat terhadap serangan Israel ke Gaza 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan apa dan bagaimana lobi AIPAC sebagai sebuah organisasi lobi pro-Zionis di Amerika Serikat beroperasi. Pada akhirnya bisa dibuktikan bahwa lobi-lobi AIPAC di Gedung Putih, Senat, Kongres serta Departemen-departemen eksekutif di Amerika Serikat telah secara demikian menarik dukungan AS terhadap Tel-Aviv. Penelitian ini membuktikan ada tiga peran AIPA dalam rangka mempengaruhi kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika di Timur Tengah yang pro-Israel. Pertama, AIPAC berperan sebagai perekat hubungan AS-Israel (AIPAC as US-Israel relations connector). Peran inilah yang menjawab mengapa hubungan kedua negara dapat berlangsung harmonis dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Kedua, AIPAC sebagai pembangun opini publik (AIPAC as public opinion maker). Dalam konteks ini, AIPAC berkolaborasi dengan berbagai media massa milik warga Amerika keturunan Yahudi. Dengan menguasai media, mereka membentuk opini publik Amerika dengan menyajikan berita yang membenarkan aksi serangan Israel ke Gaza 2014. Ketiga, AIPAC bermain dalam konteks politik domestika Amerika melalui pendanaan partai politik (AIPAC as Political Party Funding Provider). Baik partai Demokrat dan partai Republik didanai oleh AIPAC. Bahkan setiap kandidat presiden dari kedua partai selalu mencari dukungan dana kepada AIPAC dengan cara menyatakan komitmen mendukung Israel.

Abstract This research analyzes the roles of American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as an interest group behind the US support towards Israel attack on Gaza Strip 2014. The purpose of this research is to identify and to explain what and how the the lobby of AIPAC as a pro-Zionist lobbying Organization in the United States of America operates. It finally can be proven that the lobby of AIPAC in the White House, Senate, Congress as well as in the US executive Departments has fully influenced the US support towards Tel-Aviv. This research signifies the three roles of AIPAC in terms of influencing the Unites States foreign policy in the Middle East which is more pro-Israel. The first, AIPAC plays an important role as a US-Israel relations connector. This role answers the question on why the relationship between the two countries can endure in harmonious way over the last decades. The second, AIPAC plays a big role as a public opinion maker. In this context, AIPAC colaborates with many mass medias owned by the American Jewish Families. By controlling the Medias, they effectively shapes the public opinion in America by presenting news which are tending to make justification on Israel military attack in Gaza strip 2014. The third, AIPAC plays a great role in the context of American domestic politics by providing political parties funding. The democrat party as well as the republic party are funded financially by AIPAC. Even each of president candidate from the both parties always seeks the funding support from AIPAC by declaring their commitment to support Israel.

Kata Kunci : The Roles of AIPAC, Interest Group, Lobby, The US Support, 2014 Gaza Attack