KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT PETANI DALAM MENGHADAPI RISIKO BANJIR DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN CILAMAYA WETAN KARAWANG)

RIAN AGUSDIAN, Teuku Faisal Fathani, Ph.D; Dr. M. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc.

2016 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Banjir di sektor pertanian dapat berdampak terhadap stabilitas pangan nasional. Kesiapsiagaan petani dalam menanggulangi banjir perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Cilamaya Wetan, Kabupaten Karawang yang merupakan lumbung padi nasional. Tujuan dari peneltian ini adalah mengkaji tingkat risiko banjir sektor pertanian, menganalisis kerugian akibat banjir genangan di sektor pertanian, menganalisis kesiapsiagaan para petani dalam menghadapi ancaman banjir genangan, dan mengkaji hubungan kesiapsiagaan petani dengan tingkat kerugian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi model concurrent. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 90 petani dari Desa Muara dan Desa Muara Baru. Data diolah dengan statistik deskriptif, uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, dan homogenitas. Analisis kerawanan dilakukan dengan metode GIS, analisis kerugian dengan metode DALA, analisis kesiapsiagaan dengan statistik deskriptif, dan analisis korelasi antara kesiapsiagaan dengan kerugian meggunakan uji Spearman Rank. Klasifikasi kerawanan banjir dibuat berdasarkan faktor tinggi, lama, frekuensi, dan kerusakan akibat genangan banjir di sektor pertanian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerugian akibat banjir dipengaruhi oleh masa tanam dan lokasi sawah terhadap saluran pembuang, kerugian sektor pertanian menjadi lebih tinggi ketika lokasi sawah berada di dekat saluran pembuang. Kesiapsiagaan petani dalam menghadapi ancaman banjir tergolong tinggi, hal ini didukung oleh tingginya kapasitas pengetahuan meskipun kapasitas ekonomi petani tergolong rendah. Kesiapsiagaan para petani yang tergolong tinggi tidak selalu berkorelasi dengan pengurangan risiko (kerugian), hal ini dapat terjadi karena upaya kesiapsiagaan tidak disertai dengan mitigasi (struktural dan non struktural) yang optimal. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas (PRBBK) Petani diperlukan agar kerugian akibat banjir genangan di sektor pertanian dapat ditanggulangi atau diminimalisir.

The flood in the agricultural sector has an effect on national food stability. The Preparedness of farmers to solve the flood needs increased. This research was conducted in Cilamaya Wetan which is the national granary. The purposes of this research are to examines the risk of inundation flood as well as zone clasification of vulnerability to flood, to analyze the losses in the agricultural sector as the flood effect, to analyze the preparedness of the farmers to face the threat of the flood inundation, to examines the preparedness relation of the farmers with the losses level. This study uses a combination method of concurrent models. The sample in this study is 90 farmers in Muara and Muara Baru village. The data is processed by descriptive statistics, validity trial, reliability, normality and homogeneity. The vulnerability analysis is conducted by GIS, the losses analysis using DALA method, the preparedness analysis using descriptive statistics and the corelation analysis between the loss and preparedness using Spearman Rank trial. the vulnerability classification of the flood is made based on the high, long, frequent, and damage factor because of the flood inundation in the agricultural sector. The result showed that the losses result the flood is affected by growth time and the location of the fields to the discharge channel, agriculture sector losses are higher when the location of the fields near the discharge channel. The preparedness of the farmers to face the threat of the flood included high level. This case is supported by the highness of the knowledge capacity even though the economic capacity of the farmers is included low level. The preparedness of the farmers which is included high level not always having correlation with the risk reduction (losses), this case can occurred because of an effort of the preparedness that is not combined by mitigation (structural and non-structural) which is optimal. Show that, it is concluded that community based disaster risk reduction is needed so the losses because of the inundation the flood in the agricultural sector can be solved minimalized.

Kata Kunci : Risiko, Metode Concurrent, GIS, DALA, Zona Kerentanan Banjir.