ANALISIS KELAYAKAN EKONOMI USAHATANI KENTANG BERBASIS KONSERVASI TANAH DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

LIANA FATMA LESLIE PRATIWI, Dr. Ir. Suhatmini Hardyastuti, M.S ; Dr. Ir. Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, M.P

2016 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS

Keberlanjutan usahatani kentang penting untuk diperhatikan, karena kentang merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang menjadi sumber mata pencaharian petani di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Lahan pertanian yang terdegradasi karena erosi menjadikan produktivitas kentang menurun. Penurunan produktivitas ini berdampak pada kelayakan dalam usahatani kentang, sehingga diperlukan upaya konservasi agar dalam jangka panjang keberlanjutan usahatani kentang tetap menguntungkan dan lingkungan tetap lestari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kentang terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga tani, (2) mengetahui perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang, (3) menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi usahatani kentang berbasis konservasi tanah, dan (4) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Lokasi penelitian dipilih Kecamatan Kejajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo dan dipilih 2 desa yang meliputi Desa Serang dan Desa Surengede secara purposive, kemudian diambil secara acak petani pemilik penggarap 25 orang per desa sebagai responden. Kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kentang terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga tani dihitung menggunakan analisis proporsi, perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang diukur menggunakan Indeks Kegiatan Konservasi (IKK), kelayakan ekonomi usahatani kentang berbasis konservasi tanah dihitung menggunakan R/C ratio dan analisis model SCUAF. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan model Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kontribusi pendapatan usahatani kentang memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga tani, perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan perilaku petani yang kadang-kadang melakukan kegiatan konservasi tanah, kelayakan ekonomi usahatani kentang berbasis konservasi tanah baik yang tidak memperhitungkan dan memperhitungkan nilai ekonomi konservasi layak diusahakan dan dilanjutkan, perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah pada usahatani kentang dipengaruhi oleh variabel luas lahan kentang, produksi kentang, harga kentang dan kemiringan lahan pertanian dengan pengaruh yang positif artinya peningkatan variabel-variabel tersebut akan meningkatkan perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah. Sedangkan variabel yang pengaruh secara negatif adalah variabel pendapatan luar usahatani, umur petani, dan jumlah anggota keluarga artinya peningkatan variabel-variabel tersebut akan menurunkan perilaku petani dalam upaya konservasi tanah.

The sustainability of potato farming was taken into account since it was recognized as a holticulture commodity for farmer subsistence in Wonosobo Regency. While, the farming lands were degraded by errossion have made the potato productivity continued to decline. The declining productivity brings about bad impact in feasibility potato farming, therefore a long term effort on soil conservation is necessary to carry out for the farming advantages and environment sustainability. This study was aimed: (1) to know the contribution of potato farming profits toward farmer household income; (2) to determine the farmers behaves in soil conservation efforts for potato farming; (3) to analyze the feasibility potato farming based on soil conservation efforts; and (4) to determine the affected factors on farmers behaves in soil conservation efforts of potato farming. The descriptive analysis was used for basic methodology in this study. Kejajar District of Wonosobo Regency was selected for study site, there were 2 villages of study site selected purposively i.e. Serang and Surengede, and randomly selected 25 farmers per village for the respondents. The contribution of potato farming profits toward farmer household income was quantified by using proportion analysis, the farmers behaves in soil conservation efforts for potato farming was quantified by using Conservation Activity Index (CAI), the feasibility potato farming based on soil conservation efforts was quantified by using R/C ratio and SCUAF model analysis. While paired linier regression model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used to understand the factors in which affected the farmers behaves in soil conservation efforts. The result of this study suggested that the contribution of potato farming profits was apparently significant to farmer household income, the farmers behaves in soil conservation efforts for potato farming was categorized as middle with sometimes doing efforts in soil conservation, the feasibility potato farming based on soil conservation either on calculated nor uncalculated one of the conservation economic value were significant to carry out, the farmer behaves in soil conservation efforts for potato farming were affected positively by variables of farming land area, potato productivity, potato price and the land slope degree, it means that those variables compound will improve the farmer behaves in soil conservation efforts. While the negative variables were off farm income, farmer age, and total of family members, it means that those variables compound will degrade the farmer behaves in soil conservation efforts.

Kata Kunci : Feasibility, land degradation, potato farming, soil conservation, SCUAF, Wonosobo