BAYI BERAT LAHIR EKSTRIM RENDAH DENGAN RIWAYAT DISPLASIA BRONKOPULMONER

ARIF HANDIARSA, dr. Tunjung Wibowo, MPH, MKes, PhD.; Dr.dr. Rina Triasih, MMed(Paed, SpA(K).

2016 | Tesis-Spesialis | SP ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK

Bayi-bayi bayi berat lahir ekstrim rendah yang dapat bertahan setelah perawatan di NICU memiliki permasalahan yang dapat timbul jangka panjang antara lain gangguan pertumbuhan, gangguan perkembangan, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan pendengaran, gangguan pernapasan, permasalahan gizi, pertumbuhan gigi, masalah gastrointestinal. Pengamatan jangka panjang dan intervensi sejak dini morbiditas yang terjadi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Pada laporan kasus ini, pasien adalah anak perempuan berumur 2 bulan yang telah didiagnosis riwayat bayi berat lahir ekstrim rendah, kurang bulan, kecil masa kehamilan, asimetris, operasi caesar a/i intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), insufisiensi plasenta, displasia bronkopulmoner (DBP), severely stunted, severely underweight, severely malnourished, mikrosefali. Pasien mendapatkan intervensi pemberian nutrisi sesuai Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), monitor Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE), Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), USG kepala, modified Tes Daya Dengar (TDD), Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP), Denver II, Capute scale, Checklist for Autism in Toddler (CHAT), fisioterapi rutin, terapi wicara rutin, stimulasi perkembangan rutin dari keluarga, pemeriksaan gigi rutin, pemberian suplementasi besi dan multivitamin, imunisasi sesuai rekomendasi IDAI 2014, edukasi kebersihan dan edukasi lingkungan rumah sehat untuk mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Pada akhir pengamatan luaran pertumbuhan lingkar kepala baik, panjang badan dan berat badan sudah berada pada underweight, stunted, status gizi anak baik, perkembangan motorik kasar, halus, bicara-bahasa dan personal sosial baik, fungsi pendengaran dan penglihatan normal, serta morbiditas lain minimal.

Infants are extremely low birth weight infants who survive after treatment in the NICU have problems that can arise, among others, long-term growth disorders, developmental disorders, visual impairment, hearing loss, respiratory problems, nutritional problems, teething, gastrointestinal problems. Long-term observation and early intervention morbidity that occurs is needed to improve the quality of life. In this case report, the patient was a girl aged 2 months and 3 days who had been diagnosed with a history of extremely low birth weight infants, preterm, small for gestational age, asymmetrical, section caesarean caused by IUGR, placental insufficiency, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severely stunted, severely underweight, severely malnourished, microcephaly. Patients received intervention of nutrition according RDA, monitor OAE, ROP, head ultrasound, TDD, KPSP, Denver II, Capute scale, CHAT, routine physiotherapy, routine speech therapy, routine stimulation of the development from her family, routine dental check, giving iron supplementation and multivitamins, immunizations as recommended IDAI 2014, hygiene education and education of healthy home environment to achieve optimal growth and development. At the end of the observation output growth in head circumference well, length and weight already at underweight, stunted, child nutritional status is good, gross motor development, fine, speech-language and personal social good, hearing function and normal vision, as well as morbidity another minimal.

Kata Kunci : extremely low birth weight infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia