Evaluasi Program Air Bersih Perdesaan di Kabupaten Kotabaru

HASBIYANTA, Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc.,Ph.D; Yori Herwangi, ST.,MURP.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Program air bersih perdesaan merupakan satu upaya Pemerintah Kabupaten Kotabaru untuk memberikan layanan air bersih bagi penduduk perdesaan. Pendekatan pengelolaan program ini melalui pengelola PDAM dan kelompok swakelola masyarakat. Namun upaya ini ternyata belum memberikan kontribusi maksimal dalam mengurangi kesulitan air bersih perdesaan. Hal ini ditandai masih banyaknya sarana air bersih terbangun yang kurang atau tidak berfungsi lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi hasil evaluasi program air bersih perdesaan pada lokasi layanan air bersih PDAM dan lokasi layanan kelompok swakelola masyarakat; dan (2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil evaluasi program air bersih perdesaan di lokasi layanan air bersih PDAM dan lokasi layanan kelompok swakelola masyarakat di Kabupaten Kotabaru di Kabupaten Kotabaru. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Kecamatan Kelumpang Hulu dan Kecamatan Kelumpang Hilir yang merupakan wilayah bagian administratif Kabupaten Kotabaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deduktif kuantiatif dan kualititatif dengan strategi analisis menggunakan pendekatan eksplanatoris sekuensial. Teknik analisa menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial serta teknik kualitatif menggunakan model Milers dan Huberman. Sampel penelitian adalah rumah tanggal penerima layanan air bersih perdesaan sebanyak 323 rumah tangga. Teknik sampling data kuantitatif dilakukan melalui tahap simple cluster sampling dan simple random sampling. Sedangkan sampel kualitatif adalah narasumber dari pengelola air bersih perdesaan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 7 narasumber. Temuan penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pelayanan air oleh PDAM telah memenuhi kriteria responsivitas, efektivitas, kecukupan, dampak dan keberlanjutan. Sedangkan pelayanan air bersih oleh kelompok swakelola masyarakat belum memenuhi kriteria responsivitas khususnya dalam hal peran masyarakat dalam program yang masih rendah. Penyebabnya adalah kecenderungan masyarakat menyerahkan urusana air bersih ini pada kelompok saja dan kondisi sarana yang kurang berfungsi. Kriteria keberlanjutan juga belum dapat dipenuhi. Hal ini tergambar pada lemahnya kinerja pengelola dalam memberikan layanan air bersih, kurang maksimalnya kemampuan operasional sarana air bersih serta kesediaan masyarakat membayar iuran air bersih yang rendah. Penyebabnya adalah kondisi sumber air yang kurang handal, kurangnya dukungan dari pemerintah desa dan masyarakat berupa bantuan biaya operasional, pembekalan keterampilan dan kesadaran membayar iuran air, serta belum transparannya dalam pengelolaan keuangan program.

Rural clean water program is an effort of Kotabaru Regency Goverment to provide water services for rural community. Management approach of this program through PDAM and self-managed community groups. However, this effort has not yet made maximum contribution in order to reduce clean water scarcity in rural region. This was marked by amount of clean water facilities that is less function or no longer work anymore. This study aims to (1) identify the results of the evaluation of the rural clean water program at the location of PDAM services and self-managed community groups services; and (2) identify factors that affect the outcome of the evaluation of the rural clean water program at the location of PDAM services and self-managed community groups services in the Kotabaru Regency. This research is located in Kelumpang Hulu district and Kelumpang Hilir district which are part of Kotabaru Regency administrative region. This research used deductive quantitative and qualitative approach, which using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis as well as qualitative analysis using Miles and Huberman model. Samples were household that received water service amount 323 rural households. Quantitative data sampling technique used simple cluster sampling and simple random sampling stages. While the qualitative samples was selected by purposive sampling with amount seven speakers. The research findings showed that the water services by PDAM has met the criteria of responsiveness, effectiveness, adequacy, impact and sustainability. Meanwhile, water services by group of self-managed community did not meet the criteria of responsiveness, especially in terms of the community's participation in the program remains low. This is caused by tendency of community to hand over clean water's concern to the selected group only and the clean water facilities which less function condition. Furthermore, sustainability criteria also have not been met. This is reflected in form of the poor performance of managers in providing clean water services, less of maximum operational capability from clean water facilities and people's willingness to pay clean water fee is low. These are caused by less reliable of water resource condition, the lack of support from the rural administrator and rural community such as operational costs supporting, skills development for managers and awareness to pay the water fee, and has not been transparent in financial program management.

Kata Kunci : program evaluation, clean water, rural