Komposisi Kimia Ekstraktif Kulit Kayu Pinus merkusii

MASENDRA, Dr. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr.Sc.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Tusam [Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese] merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang digunakan terutama kayu dan getahnya untuk pemenuhan pulp dan kertas, kayu konstruksi, penghasil gondorukem dan terpentin. Meskipun demikian, belum ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi sifat kimia maupun ekstrak dari bagian kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi komponen dan mengetahui komposisi kimia ekstraktif kulit P. merkusii. Sampel kulit diperoleh dari plot pertanaman Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Situbondo Jawa Timur. Isolasi dan identifikasi komponen kulit P. merkusii dilakukan dengan memisahkan ekstrak nheksana melalui kolom kromatografi dan alat spektroskopi. Bagian kulit luar dan kulit dalam (100-200 mesh) diukur nilai pHnya dan diekstraksi secara berurutan dengan diklorometana, etanol, dan air panas untuk mengetahui komponen ekstraktifnya. Penentuan kadar fenolat total dilakukan dengan metode Follin- Cioucalteu dan vanillin-HCl sedangkan analisis lipofilik dilakukan dengan kromatografi gas-spektro massa (KG-SM) dan kromatografi gas-detektor ionisasi nyala (KG-DIN). Hasil isolasi ekstrak n-heksana didapatkan steroid yaitu beta-sitosterol dan stigmast-4-en-3-one serta triterpenoid yaitu 3beta-methoxyserratt-14-en-one, serrate- 14-21beta-diol, dan komponen 5 (triterpena alkohol). Analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan kadar ekstraktif diklorometana, etanol, dan air panas di kulit luar yang lebih tinggi dari kulit dalam. Kadar fenolat total di kulit luar lebih tinggi dari kulit dalam sedangkan kadar flavanol total di kulit dalam lebih tinggi dibandingkan kulit luarnya. Analisis komponen lipofilik mendeteksi adanya komponen asam lemak dan alifatik alkohol, monoterpena, sesquiterpena, asam resin, triterpena, dan steroid. Kadar lipofilik di kulit luar lebih rendah dari kulit dalam dengan komposisi yang didominasi oleh komponen steroid, asam lemak, sedangkan yang terendah adalah komponen monoterpena.

Tusam [Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese] is the main Indonesian conifer species which has been planted to produce pulp and paper, house building materials, and its rosin and turpentine oil. However, there is no study about chemical properties nor extracts of the bark. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition of P. merkusii bark. Bark samples were obtained from the site of Research Institute for Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Situbondo, East Java. Isolation and identification of P. merkusii bark was conducted by separating and analyzing the hexane extract by column chromatography and spectroscopic investigation. For extractives analysis, each inner and outer bark was separately milled to produce powder (100-200 mesh) then was measured for its pH value and was extracted successively by dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. Total phenolic and flavanol contents of the ethanol soluble extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and the vanillin-HCl methods, respectively. Lipophilic component analysis were conducted by GC-MS, GC-FID. Steroids i.e.beta-sitosterol, stigmast-4-en-3-one and triterpenoid i.e. 3beta- methoxyserratt-14-en-one, serrate-14-en-3beta,21beta-diol and compound 5 (triterpene alcohol) were isolated from P. merkusii bark. Total phenolic content of outer bark was higher than that of inner bark, however the total flavanol content of inner bark was higher than that of outer bark. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis detected lipophilics such as fatty acids and alcohols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, resin acids, triterpenes, and steroids. Lipophilic constituents of outer bark was lower than the inner bark which the major compounds were composed by steroids and fatty acids whereas the minor compounds were monoterpenes

Kata Kunci : Pinus merkusii, ekstraktif, fenolat, flavanol, lipofilik triterpena