ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN USAHA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopeneaus vannamei) DALAM TAMBAK DI PESISIR KABUPATEN BANTUL

DIAN AMBARWATI, Dr. Ir. Bambang Triyatmo, M.P;Suadi, S.Pi. M.Agr.Sc.Ph.D

2016 | Skripsi | S1 BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan usaha budidaya udang vaname di Pesisir Kabupaten Bantul. Metode survei digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel petambak ditentukan secara acak berdasarkan strata kategori luas petak tambak (stratified random sampling). Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi dan wawancara. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 responden dari populasi sebanyak 257 petambak. Sampel terdiri atas 3 kategori yaitu kategori petak tambak >1.500 m2 sebanyak 11 orang; kategori petak tambak 1.000–1.500 m2 sebanyak 14 orang; dan kategori petak tambak <1.000 m2 sebanyak 16 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Bantul termasuk intensif dengan rerata luas petak 1.300 m2; sumber air dari air tanah (sumur bor). Air tambak memiliki salinitas 18 o/oo dan pH 8-9; padat tebar 145 ekor/m2; lama pemeliharaan 83 hari; pakan pelet (protein 33-36 %) diberikan sebanyak 2.283 kg/petak (21.575 kg/ha); produksi 2.675 kg/petak (19,8 ton/ha) dengan nisbah konversi pakan (feed conversion ratio/FCR) 1,2. Teknis budidaya selama pemeliharaan udang menggunakan kincir 20 kipas/petak (152 kipas/ha); pergantian air 0-10 %; kapur kalsit 6.535 kg/ha; dolomit 3.350 kg/ha; bahan-bahan probiotik dan tambahan: Efective microorganism/Em4 292 liter/ha; tetes tebu 373 liter/ha, dedak 1.019 kg/ha; Vitamin B dan C 11 liter/ha. Budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Bantul layak diusahakan dengan produksi udang per siklus pada petak >1.500 m2 3.214 kg (14,7 ton/ha), petak 1.000-1.500 m2 3.704 kg (19,7 ton/ha) dan petak <1.000 m2 1.105 kg (17,4 ton/ha). Produktivitas paling tinggi pada luas tambak 1.000-1.500 m2 yaitu sebesar 19,7 ton/ha dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp 183.961.350/siklus, nilai nisbah revenue/cost (R/C ratio) 1,55 serta nilai titik impas (Break even point/ BEP) produk 5.151 kg dan nilai titik impas (Break even point/ BEP) harga Rp 28.791,–. Budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Bantul layak menjadi suatu usaha yang dikembangkan.

This research have been conducted to know the technical dan financial aspect of vaname white shrimp (Litopeneaus vannamei) culture in Bantul coastal area. The samples of farmers were determined by stratified sampling method based on the ponds width. The data were colected by observation and interviews method. The samples in the study were 41 respondents from the population of 257 farmers. Samples were consisted of three categories, namely category > 1,500 m2 for 11 farmers; category 1,000-1,500 m2 for 14 farmers; and category <1,000 m2 for 16 farmers. The result showed that the vaname white shrimp culture in Bantul coastal area was an intensive system with average pond width 1,300 m2; the stocking density 145 seed/m2; the food (33-36 % protein) was given as much as 2.283 kg (21.573 kg/ha); the 83 days of culture; shrimp production of 2.673 kg (17,3 ton/ha) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.2. The culture technic used paddle-wheel 20 fan/pond (152 fan/ha); water exchange 10 % days; calsite 6.534 kg/ha; dolomite 3.350 kg/ha; Effective for microorganisms (Em4) 292 litter/ha; mollases 720 kg/ha; brans 1.019 kg/ha; B and C vitamins 11 litter/ha. The vaname white shrimp culture in Bantul coastal area was feasible. The shrimp production in >1,500 m2 ponds was 3.214 kg (17,4 ton/ha); in 1,000-1,500 m2 ponds was 3.704 kg (19,7 ton/ha); and in <1,000 m2 ponds was 1.105 kg (14,7 ton/ha). The highest productivity of shrimp was 27,3 ton/ha cultured in the 1.000-1,500 m2 ponds with incomed 183.961.350 rupiah/cycles, the revenue/cost ratio (R/C ratio) 1,55; breakeven point (BEP) of products 5.151 kg and break even point (BEP) of price 28.791 rupiah.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : tambak, teknis, udang vaname