PENGALAMAN REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI GEJALA POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER DAN PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER PASCA BENCANA ERUPSI MERAPI

FITRIA KHAIRUNNISA, Elsi Dwi Hapsari, S.Kp., M.S.,D.S; Intansari Nurjannah, S.Kp.,MN.Sc., Ph.D

2016 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) dan posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) merupakan gangguan yang disebabkan oleh kondisi stres dengan salah satu contoh stresor ialah bencana alam. Sekitar 50% remaja mengalami PTSD pasca bencana erupsi Merapi 2010 dan 41,8% remaja mengalami PMDD. Gangguan tersebut akan menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas remaja. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengalaman remaja yang mengalami gejala PMDD dan PTSD pasca bencana erupsi Merapi. Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara semi-terstuktur. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang sudah mengalami siklus menstruasi secara teratur, mengalami bencana erupsi Merapi tahun 2010, memenuhi kriteria diagnostik PMDD DSM IV, memenuhi kriteria diagnostic PTSD, tidak mengalami gangguan menstruasi selain PMDD. Hasil: Gejala PMDD yang dirasakan remaja yaitu gejala fisik dan gejala psikologis. Gejala yang dirasakan remaja menyebabkan penurunan minat belajar maupun aktivitas. Remaja tidak mengetahui gejala PMDD yang dirasakan meskipun sudah memperoleh informasi mengenai menstruasi. Remaja mengatasi gejala yan dirasakan dengan tidur, mengabaikan gejala yang dirasakan, dan melakukan aktivitas lain. Kesimpulan: Pengalaman remaja yang mengalami gejala PMDD dan PTSD pasca erupsi Merapi dapat digambarkan dalam empat tema yaitu variasi gejala yang dirasakan yaitu gejala fisik dan gejala psikologis, ada penurunan minat belajar dan beraktivitas, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang gejala yang dirasakan meskipun ada dukungan dari ibu dan teman, remaja menggunakan koping pasif untuk mengatasi gejala.

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder caused by the stress with one of the stressors example is a natural disaster. About 50% of adolescents develop PTSD after Merapi eruption in 2010 and 41, 8% of teenagers experiencing PMDD. The disruption will cause a decline in the productivity of adolescents. Objective: To identify experiences of adolescents who have symptoms of PMDD and PTSD in the post-eruption of Merapi. Methods: The method in this research is qualitative method with phenomenological approach. The data collection was conducted using a semi-structured interview. Participants in this study are adolescent who underwent menstrual cycle regularly, undergo Merapi eruption 2010, meet the diagnostic criteria for PMDD DSM IV- TR, meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and not experiencing menstrual disorders other than PMDD Results: PMDD symptoms perceived by adolescent are symptoms in the form of physical symptoms and psychological symptoms. Symptoms perceived by adolescent causing a decreasing interest in learning and doing activity. Adolescents didn�t understand perceived PMDD symptoms even after receiving information about menstruation and they cope with their perceived symptoms by sleeping, ignoring the symptoms and doing another activities. Conclusion:The Experience of adolescents underwent PTSD and PMDD post Merapi eruption can be described in four themes which are perceived symptoms variation both physical and psychological symptoms, decreased interest in learning and doing activity, limited knowledge of adolescents about the symptoms even though there is a support from their mother and friends, and the usage of passive coping to overcome the symptoms.

Kata Kunci : remaja, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, posstraumatic stress disorder, erupsi Merapi/ : adolescents, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, posstraumatic stress disorder, Merapi eruption.