RAGAM INFORMAL AMERICAN ENGLISH (Studi Kasus dalam Film American Gangster dan Talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack Obama)

LISTYA ARUM R., Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Linguistik

INTISARI Penelitian ini yang berjudul Ragam Informal American English (Studi Kasus dalam Film American Gangster dan talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack Obama) bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik ragam informal American English yang digunakan dalam film American Gangster dan talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack Obama, menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan ragam informal American English, dan mendeskripsikan fungsi-fungsi ragam informal American English. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif karena penelitian ini menjelaskan analisis data dalam bentuk kata-kata bukan dengan angka. Peneliti menggunakan film American Gangster dan talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack Obama sebagai sumber data. Kedua sumber data tersebut merupakan representasi penggambaran kehidupan nyata yang terjadi di masyarakat Amerika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode simak dan catat, sedangkan analisis data peneliti menggunakan merode kontekstual. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) ada sepuluh bentuk informal American English yang bervariasi diwujudkan dalam contractions, non-standard grammar, phrasal verb, slang, black English, taboo words, interjection, repetition, pause filler, dan unfinished sentence. (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan ragam informal American English adalah suasana bicara informal, hubungan akrab, tidak ada persiapan dalam berbicara, terdapat rahasia, pengaruh black people, gender, rasa marah, spontanitas dalam berbicara, keraguan, dan interupsi, (3) Fungsi-fungsi penggunaan ragam informal antara lain untuk menciptakan hubungan akrab, memudahkan dalam pengucapan, menyederhanakan kata-kata yang disampaikan, menjaga rahasia, menunjukkan latar belakang penutur, menyatakan perasaan tertentu, mempertahankan giliran bicara, mengekspresikan perasaan marah, dan, menekankan hal penting.

ABSTRACT The research entitled Informal Variety of American English (Case Study in Film American Gangster and Talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack Obama) aims to describe the characteristics of informal variety of American English, to describe the factors in using informal variety of American English, and to describe the functions of informal variety of American English. This research belongs to a qualitative since it describes the data based on a qualitative facts intead of a quantitative ones. The researcher uses film American Gangster and talkshow The Late Show with David Letterman and Barack obama as the source of the data. Both of data sources are a representation of real life that happens in Americans. In gathering the data, the researcher uses observation and noting technique. Meanwhile in analyzing the data, the researcher applies contextual method. The results of this study show that (1) there are ten characteristics of informal variety of American English, they are contractions, non-standard grammar, phrasal verbs, slang, black English, taboo words, interjection, repetition, gap filler, and unfinished sentence. (2) The factors that influence the use of informal variety of American English are informal situation, intimate relationship, no preparation in talking, secret interest, black people influence, gender, anger axpression, spontaneous speaking, hesitancy and interruption. (3) The functions of the informal variety are to create intimate relationship, to ease pronunciation, to simplify mesage, to keep secret, to show the speakers background, to express certain feeling, to hold the speaking turn, to show anger expression, and to emphasize important thing.

Kata Kunci : informal, ragam, American English / informal, variety, American English