The Creation of Identity and Women's Resistances In Iran

NANDA AFRIANI, Mohammad Mohtar Mas'oed, Prof. Dr.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Perjuangan perempuan di Iran dalam mendapatkan pengakuan atas kontribusi mereka dalam proses sosial politik telah dicanangkan jauh sebelum revolusi Republik Islam Iran pada 1979. Meskipun perjuangan mereka dibatasi di setiap era pemerintahan, wanita telah menunjukkan kemampuan mereka dalam mengubah wacana sosialisasi politik di Iran melalui cara mereka sendiri. Gerakan aktif dan perlawanan juga terbentuk oleh opini dalam kelompok masyarakat di Iran, yang mempengaruhi identitas mereka. Penelitian ini mencakup tiga rezim utama di Iran yang terdiri dari periode sebelum revolusi sampai periode setelah revolusi dalam melihat permasalahan tentang perempuan. Penelitian terhadap tiga rezim tersebut dianggap perlu untuk melihat kecendrungan politik yang ada di Iran dalam waktu ke waktu. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan kerangka kerja yang berkaitan dengan teori konstruktivisme, seperti proses distribusi 'enemy images' dalam masyarakat, politik Islam, dan perdebatan di sekitar proses 'gender mainstreaming'. Data dan variabel yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan kecenderungan bahwa identitas perempuan di Iran tidak hanya dibentuk oleh kerangka hukum yang ada, tetapi juga melalui proses sosialisasi politik yang ada dalam kelompok masyarakat.

The struggle of women in Iran in getting their contribution acknowledged by the existing regime has been sounded far before the 1979 revolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Women, despite the oppressing condition they were living in throughout eras, have shown their capability in changing the discourse of political socialization in Iran through their own way of resisting the status quo. Their constant movements and resistances were also shaped by the ever-changing discourses articulated among the intergroups in Iran, thus affecting the creation of their identities. This study covers the shifting relations of existing regime from pre-revolutionary period until the post-revolutionary period in viewing the women's issue. With the aim of revealing the process of creation of women's identity in Iran, it deems necessary to view the issue under the exercised political trends in Iran. An analysis conducted based on the existing frameworks, which are closely related to the constructivism theory, such as the distribution of enemy images, political Islamism, and the debates around gender mainstreaming process. The data and variables collected show the tendency that women's identities in Iran were not only shaped by the existing legal frameworks, but also through the process of political socialization existed within the intergroups.

Kata Kunci : Identity, Iranian Women, Enemy Images, Political Islam, Gender Mainstreaming, Social Construct