Pengaruh Makanan Selingan Berbahan Dasar Umbi-umbian terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

NADIA DERI LEVANI, Dr.Dra.Sunarti, M.Kes; Perdana Samekto T.S., M.Sc.; Dian Caturini S, B.Sc, M.Sc

2016 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar belakang : Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang dicirikan dengan adanya hiperglikemia akibat kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin , atau keduanya. Diabetes melitus menjadi masalah di negara maju dan negara berkembang. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas Indonesi pada tahun 2013, prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu tujuan terapi diet bagi penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah menjaga kadar glukosa darah sedekat mungkin dengan level normal. Serat larut air dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Gembili, singkong dan labu kuning mengandung serat larut air yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya kontrol glukosa darah. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh makanan selingan berbahan dasar umbi-umbian terhadap kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan quasi experimental pre post design without control group. Penelitian ini memberikan intervensi makanan selingan berbahan dasar umbi-umbian dengan kandungan serat total 6,36 gr per hari selama 4 minggu kepada 20 subjek. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Analisis kadar glukosa darah menggunakan metode enzymatic photometric dari Dyasys. Analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk rerata menggunakan paired sample t-test dan uji wilcoxon. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada seluruh subjek, subjek laki-laki dan subjek perempuan. Penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada seluruh subjek dan subjek perempuan signifikan secara statistik dengan nilai p masing masing sebesar 0,01 dan 0,04. Penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada subjek laki-laki tidak signifikan secara statistik dengan nilai p = 0,61. Kesimpulan : Intervensi makanan selingan berbahan dasar umbi-umbian selama 4 minggu dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.

Background : Diabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by the presence of hypoglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes melitus is a problem, both in developed countries and developing countries. Based on the basic health research Indonesia in 2013, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes melitus has increased. Soluble fiber provides a beneficial effect on blood glucose control. Lesser yam, arrowroot, cassava and pumpkin contain soluble fiber that can be used in the control of blood glucose. Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tubers based food on glucose level of type 2 diabetes melitus patients. Method : This study is a quasi experimental pre post design without control group. Tubers based snack that contain of 6.36 grams fibers perday was given to 20 subjects for 4 weeks. Glucose test was doing before and after treatment. Fasting glucose levels was measured using enzymatic photometry method (GOD-FS) from Dyasis. Data is presented as means using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results: Fasting glucose level in all subjects, female subjects and males subjects was decreased. Fasting glucose level in all subjects and female subjects was statistically significant with p value 0.01 and 0.04. Fasting blood glucose levels in male subjects were not statistically significant with p value 0.61. Conclusion: Tubers based snack treatment for 4 weeks could decrease glucose level on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Kata Kunci : Lesser yam, Arrowroot, Cassava, Pumpkins, Dioscorea esculenta, Gembili, Garut, Labu Kuning, Singkong, Hyperglycemia, Blood glucose, Diabetes Melitus type 2