PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUPLEMENTASI ZINK TERHADAP JUMLAH ERITROSIT DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN SETELAH LATIHAN ENDURANCE PADA ATLET SEPATU RODA

CHOIRI KHUMAIDAH F, Mirza Hapsari S.T.P., S.Gz., RD, M.Ph; Dr.dr.Zaenal M. Sofro, AIFM, Sport&Circ.Med

2016 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang : Saat latihan endurance, terjadi peningkatan konsumsi oksigen yang memicu peningkatan radikal bebas dan tidak diikuti peningkatan antioksidan. Radikal bebas dengan mudah akan merusak eritrosit dan hemoglobin karena membran eritrosit kaya akan lipid . Kerusakan eritrosit akan menyebabkan penurunan performa sebagai akibat penurunan kapasitas aerobik karena berkurangnya kemampuan kardiorespiratori dan kemampuan darah dalam mengangkut oksigen dan zat gizi. Zink merupakan zat gizi yang dipercaya mampu menekan kerusakan hemoglobin dan eritrosit akibat radikal bebas. Zink juga berperan dalam proses pembentukan eritrosit dan hemoglobin. Efektivitas pemberian zink untuk menenekan kerusakan eritrosit dan hemoglobin atlet setelah latihan endurance masih menjadi hal yang dipertanyakan dan perlu untuk dikaji. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian suplementasi zink terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan hemoglobin atlet sepatu roda setelah latihan endurance Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif berupa uji klinis eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan pre dan post-test terhadap 8 atlet yang tergabung dalam Tim Sepatu Roda Pra-PON DIY 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua periode, yaitu periode latihan endurance tanpa suplementasi zink dan periode latihan endurance dengan suplementasi zink sebesar 30 mg/hari. Kedelapan subjek menjalani dua periode tersebut. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan di hari terakhir pada masing-masing periode, sebelum dan setelah latihan endurance. Jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan metode Hematology analyzer Sysmex XT 2000i. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan secara bermakna jumlah eritrosit dan hemoglobin setelah latihan endurance baik pada periode tanpa suplementasi zink maupun dengan suplementasi zink (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna pada penurunan jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua periode(p>0,05). Terjadi peningkatan Baseline jumlah eritrosit (5,141 +- 0,384 x106/mikroliter menjadi 5,158 +- 0,423 x106 /mikroliter) dan hemoglobin (14,263 +- 0,754 g/dl menjadi 14,388 +- 0,729 g/dl) setelah pemberian suplementasi zink. Kesimpulan : Pemberian suplementasi zink 30 mg/hari selama 6 hari tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin atlet setelah latihan endurance.

Background : During endurance training, there is an escalation of oxygen consumption which results in the increase of free radicals production without being followed by antioxidant accretion. Free radicals can easily damage the lipid-rich membrane of erythrocyte and hemoglobin. Erythrocyte damage will cause performance loss as a result of aerobic capacity reduction due to the decreasing of cardiorespiratory capability as well as blood ability to transport oxygen and nutrients. zinc is a nutrient that has been known for the ability to suppress hemoglobin and erythrocyte damage caused by free radicals. zinc also takes part in erythrocyte and hemoglobin formation. However, the data of zinc effectivity to suppress erythrocyte and hemoglobin damage in athletes after performing endurance training is still lacking and need to be studied. Objective : To evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration of inline skating athletes after endurance training. Methods : This is a quantitative study in the form of experimental clinical trial with pre and post-test design. Eight athletes affiliated in Pra-PON DIY 2015 Inline Skating Team was participated. This study was conducted within two periods, the endurance training without zinc supplementation period and the endurance training with zinc supplementation (30 mg/ day). All of subjects were involved in both periods. The blood sample drawing was performed at the last day of each period, before and after the exercise. Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration were measured by Hematology analyzer Sysmex XT 2000i method. Results : Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration was declined significantly in both periods (p<0,05). But there was no significant difference between erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration decreased in both periods (p>0.05). The result also shows an increase in erythrocyte count (5.141+- 0.384 x 106/microliter to 5.158+-0.423 x106/microliter) and hemoglobin concentration (14.263+- 0.754 g/dl to 14.388 +- 0.729 g/dl) baseline after zinc supplementation. Conclusion : Zinc supplementation (30 mg/day) for 6 days had no significantly effect on erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration of inline skating athletes after endurance training.

Kata Kunci : Suplementasi Zink, Latihan Endurance, Jumlah Eritrosit, Kadar Hemoglobin, Sepatu Roda/Zinc supplementation, Endurance Training, Erythrocyte Count, Hemoglobin Concentration, Inline Skating