EFEKTIVITAS PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE-9 (PHQ-9) TERHADAP EDINBURGH POSTNATAL DEPRESSION SCALE (EPDS) UNTUK MENDETEKSI RISIKO DEPRESI POSTPARTUM

PRIMA DANIYATI K., Dr. dr. Carla Raymondalexas Marchira, Sp.KJ(K) / dr. Shinta Prawitasari, Sp.OG(K)

2016 | Tesis | S2 Keperawatan

Latar belakang: Kehamilan, melahirkan dan menjadi seorang ibu merupakan hal yang fisiologis. Sebagian ibu postpartum dapat melakukan penyesuaian terhadap perubahan peran sebagai ibu dan ada pula yang gagal dalam adaptasi sehingga mengakibatkan stres yang dapat berlanjut menjadi depresi postpartum. Depresi postpartum dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan psikologis jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, tidak saja pada wanita penderita tetapi juga pada anak dan anggota keluarga lainnya. Bentuk yang paling ringan dari depresi postpartum seringkali tidak dikenali karena dianggap normal. Oleh karena itu, skrining sangatlah dianjurkan kepada ibu dengan gejala depresi pada masa postpartum. Pemeriksaan skrining dapat dibantu dengan skala penilaian psikiatrik Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas PHQ-9 terhadap EPDS untuk mendeteksi risiko depresi postpartum. Metode: Jenis penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu postpartum. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling, sebanyak 100 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner PHQ-9 dan EPDS. Analisis data menggunakan screening test Thorner-Remain berupa tabulasi 2x2. Hasil: Jumlah penderita depresi postpartum melalui pemeriksaan PHQ-9 sebanyak 66% sedangkan melalui EPDS sebanyak 51%. PHQ-9 dan EPDS memiliki perbedaan rentang skoring dalam mengklasifikasikan depresi. PHQ-9 memiliki nilai sensitivias yang tinggi (76,47%) dan memiliki nilai spesifisitas yang rendah (44,90%) dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan EPDS. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, PHQ-9 efektif untuk mendeteksi depresi postpartum dengan sensitivitas yang tinggi. Kesimpulan:PHQ-9 dan EPDS efektif dalam mendeteksi depresi postpartum. PHQ-9 efektif dalam mendeteksi depresi postpartum ringan sedangkan EPDS efektif dalam mendeteksi depresi postpartum berat.

Background: Getting pregnant, delivering baby and becoming a mother were physiologic conditions. Some postpartum women could adapt role changes as mother and some others couldn’t adapt, resulted in stress condition that, if it was continue, became postpartum depression. Postpartum depression can cause the incidence of short-term and long-term psychological disturbances, not only in the suffering women but also in children and other family members. The lightest form of postpartum depression usually unrecognized because it presumed to be normal. Therefore, screening test is highly recommended for mother with depression symptom in postpartum period. Screening test can be helped with Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) psychiatric scoring scale. Objective: Analyze the effectiveness of PHQ-9 to EPDS for detecting the risk of postpartum depression in mothers. Method: This research was a non-experimental research with cross sectional design. Population in this research was postpartum mother. Sample collection technique used purposive sampling for about 100 respondents. Research instrument used PHQ-9 questionnaire and EPDS. Data analysis was performed using Thorner-Remain Screening Test in form of 2x2 tabulations. Result: The number of postpartum depression through PHQ-9 test was 66%, meanwhile the number through EPDS was 51%. PHQ-9 and EPDS had different scoring span in clarifying depression. PHQ-9 had higher sensitivity (76.47%) and lower specificity (44.90%) compared to EPDS test. Based on that result, PHQ-9 was effective to detect postpartum depression with high sensitivity number. Conclusion: PHQ-9 and EPDS were effective in detecting postpartum depression. PHQ-9 was effective in detection mild postpartum depression, meanwhile EPDS was effective in detecting severe postpartum depression.

Kata Kunci : depresi postpartum, Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)/ postpartum depression, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS)