HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEJADIAN RINITIS ALERGIKA PADA ANAK DI SD PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

RABIKAH YAHYA, dr. Sumadiono, Sp. A(K) ; dr. Cahya Dewi Satria, M.Kes, Sp. A ; dr. Rr Ratni Indrawanti, Sp. A

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Pada dekade terakhir terjadi peningkatan prevalensi rinitis alergika yang bermakna di daerah perkotaan dan sedikit peningkatan di daerah pedesaan. Hal ini diduga berkaitan dengan paparan terhadap alergen tertentu, yang dapat melindungi atau memicu gejala. Jenis alergen ini dipengaruhi lingkungan tempat tinggal. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian rinitis alergika pada anak di SD pedesaan dan perkotaan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah anak-anak SD berusia 6-12 tahun di Yogyakarta pada April-September 2014. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria seleksi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari 120 subyek terdapat 8 (13,6%) penderita rinitis alergika di pedesaan dan 10 (16,4%) subyek di perkotaan dengan nilai p sebesar 0,664. Didapatkan pula p sebesar 0,630 untuk hubungan antara derajat rinitis alergika pada anak di SD pedesaan dengan perkotaan. Empat variabel perancu juga diuji hubungannya dengan kejadian rinitis alergika, yakni riwayat keluarga, polusi indoor, asap rokok, dan paparan hewan. Didapat nilai p>0,05 untuk masing-masing variabel menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara klinis. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian rinitis alergika pada anak di SD pedesaan dan perkotaan.

Background: In the last decade there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the urban areas and a slight increase in the rural areas. Allegedly, this is related to exposure of certain allergens, which can either protect or trigger symptoms. The type of allergen depends on the local environment. Objective: To determine the relationship between allergic rhinitis incidence in children in rural and urban elementary schools. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. Subjects were elementary school students aged 6-12 years old in Yogyakarta on April-September 2014. The sample was selected based on a selection criteria. Statistical analysis that was used is chi square test. Results: Of 120 subjects, 8 (13,6%) subjects has allergic rhinitis in rural areas and as many as 10 (16,4%) subjects in urban areas with p=0,664. Relationship between degree of allergic rhinitis in children in rural and urban elementary schools results in p=0,630. There were also four confounding variables that was tested for its relationship with allergic rhinitis incidence is family history, indoor pollutans, cigarette smoke, and animal exposure. Each resulted in p>0,05, that showed no clinically significant relationship with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: There was no relationship between allergic rhinitis incidence in children in rural and urban elementary schools.

Kata Kunci : perkotaan, kejadian rinitis alergika, rural, urban, incidence of allergic rhinitis