Analisis Daya Saing Industri Crude Palm Oil Indonesia

DIAN WIDYANINGTYAS, Tri Widodo, Prof., M.Ec.Dev., Ph.D.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Komoditi kelapa sawit mempunyai peran strategis dalam perekonomian nasional. Kajian ini menganalisis daya saing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia ke beberapa negara tujuan ekpor utama dan mengkaji pasar potensial bagi ekspor CPO Indonesia pada negara-negara importir utama. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja CPO Indonesia di antara negara-negara produsen kelapa sawit. Metode analisis untuk menunjukkan daya saing adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Market Share Index (MSI). Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan Malaysia dan Thailand. Sementara hasil analisis MSI menunjukkan bahwa negara Itali merupakan pasar potensial bagi ekspor CPO Indonesia. Nilai market share CPO Indonesia pada tujuh tahun terakhir selalu jauh diatas negara pesaing Malaysia dan Thailand dengan tingkat fluktuatif yang relatif rendah. Studi ini juga membahas dari sisi industry competitiveness, dengan metode analisis Porter�s Five-Forces. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada tekanan yang kuat hampir disemua perspektif kecuali pada power of input buyer dan entry. Tekanan yang tinggi terjadi pada power of supplier, substitutes products dan internal rivalry. Tekanan tersebut terkait jumlah produsen CPO dunia dan ketersediaan minyak nabati sebagai pengganti dan persaingan internal industri. Kondisi lingkungan makro secara PEST menunjukkan bahwa sisi politik, ekonomi dan sosial berdampak kuat terhadap industri CPO, sementara kondisi teknologi yang terjadi di Indonesia berpengaruh sedang. Dampak kuat terkait pengaruh kebijakan pajak ekspor CPO, tingkat harga CPO di pasar dunia dan trend konsumsi minyak nabati pada industri makanan dan farmasi. Berdasar analisis-analisis tersebut, dikaji kekuatan yang dimiliki oleh industri CPO Indonesia dengan menangkap peluang bagi pengembangan industri ini.

Commodities of palm oil play a strategic role in the Indonesia's economy. In this study we concern on the competitiveness of Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil (CPO) to the main export destination countries and effectiveness of the potential market for Indonesia's CPO to the major importer countries. This study is also addressed to determine the Indonesian CPO performance among the palm oil producer countries. We used the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) dan market share index (MSI) methods in analysing the competitiveness level. Our results showed that RCA analysis indicate the lower performance of Indonesia's CPO exports compared to the other main CPO exporter, such as Malaysia and Thailand. Thus, from the MSI analysis we found that Italy is a potential market for Indonesia's palm oil exports, based on the fact that Indonesia's CPO dominated the Italian market in the last seven years. The value of Indonesia's market share was far above the competitors. We also analyze industry competitiveness using Porter's Five Forces. Our results showed that there is strong pressure in almost all perspectives, except the input power of buyers and entry. High pressure occurs in the power of suppliers, substitutes products and internal rivalry. This high pressure related to the amount of worldwide palm oil producers and the availability of soybean oil which indicated as the main competitor for the industry as alternative products. Political, Economics, Social, and Technology (PEST) macro environmental conditions indicate that the political, economic and social has high impacts on the CPO industry, while technological conditions that occurred in Indonesia influential medium. Strong impacts related to the effect of CPO export tax policy, the level of CPO prices in the world market and the trend of consumption of vegetable oils in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, we analyze the strength of the palm oil industry to find opportunities for further development.

Kata Kunci : Daya saing, Revealed Comparative Advantage, Market share, Crude Palm Oil, PEST