Faktor risiko terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks di Puskesmas Wilayah Kabupaten Karanganyar

HENI PURWANINGSIH, Dr. dr. Heru Pradjatmo, Sp.OG., M.Kes; Widyawati, S.Kp.,M.Kes

2016 | Tesis | S2 Keperawatan

Latar belakang : Lesi prakanker serviks merupakan gejala kanker serviks. Perkembangan lesi prakanker serviks sulit dideteksi, disarankan setiap wanita melakukan inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat (IVA) karena murah dan efektif. Capaian skrining kanker serviks Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karanganyar tahun 2014 sejumlah 3.285 orang dan 345 orang positif lesi prakanker serviks. Capaian tersebut sangat kurang mengingat sasaran 120.244 dan target per tahun 19.239 orang. Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian lesi prakanker serviks di Puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode : Penelitian analitik dengan desain case control. Jumlah sampel kasus 40 wanita IVA positif dan sampel kontrol 40 wanita IVA negatif berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan IVA, pengambilan sampel concecutive sampling bulan Juni-Agustus 2015 di Puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Analisis data dengan chisquare dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian : Hasil analisis chi-square didapatkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, usia pertama kali intercouse, jumlah pasangan, paritas dan sosial ekonomi (p<0,05). Hasil uji regresi logistik faktor risiko paling dominan terhadap kejadian lesi prakanker serviks adalah jumlah pasangan OR=5,026 (CI 95% 1,265-19,973). Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko paling dominan terhadap kejadian lesi prakanker serviks adalah jumlah pasangan. Disarankan kepada petugas Puskesmas untuk mengidentifikasi, memberikan saran dan motivasi kepada wanita risiko lesi prakanker serviks melakukan pemeriksaan IVA.

Background : Precancerous cervical lesions is sign of cervical cancer. The development of precancerous cervical lesionsis difficult to detect, so it is recommended every woman conduct examination by using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) because it is inexpensive and effective. The number of cervical cancer screening Health Department of Karanganyar Regency in 2014 was 3,285 people and 345 people positive for precancerous cervical lesions. The figure is very less considering the achievement of the target number is 120,244 people with target every years 19,239 people. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with the occurence of precancerous cervical lesions at Health Centres of Karanganyar Regency. Methods: Analytical research with case control design. The number of sample were 40 women positive IVA and the control sample were 40 women with negative IVA. Samples were taken with concecutive sampling technique in Juny- August 2015 at Health Centres of Karanganyar Regency. Data analysis used chisquare and logistic regression. Results: Results of chi-square analysis found there is significant relationship between age, age when they have first intercourse, number of partners, social and economic parity (p<0.05). Results of logistic regression test found significant risk factor is number of partners OR=5,026 (CI 95% 1,265-19,973). . Conclusion: Number of partners > 1 is the most dominant risk factors that contribute to the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions. So it is advisable to PHC health workers to identify and provide advice to mothers at risk of precancerous lesions of the cervix for examination IVA

Kata Kunci : lesi prakanker serviks, faktor risiko, IVA/precancerous cervical lesions, risk factors, VIA