PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ALGINAT DARI Padina sp. SECARA ORAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PARAMETER IMUN NON-SPESIFIK DAN EKSPRESI GEN IMUN PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei)

AYUNINGTYAS, Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Murwantoko, M.Si.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Bioteknologi

Imun non-spesifik memiliki peranan penting pada sistem imun udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian ekstrak alginat dari Padina sp terhadap respon imun non-spesifik dan ekspresi gen imun udang vaname. Udang putih L. vannamei (20 lebih kurang 2 g) diberi pakan yang mengandung ekstrak alginat 0, 2 dan 4 g/kg selama 15 hari. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 5, 10 dan 15. Total hemocyte count (THC), aktivitas fagositosis (AF) dan indeks fagositosis (IF), diamati dengan mikroskop. Aktivitas phenoloksidase (PO), aktivitas superoxide dismutase (SOD), dan total protein plasma (TPP) diamati dengan metode kolorimetri. Ekspresi gen LGBP, lectin, toll, dan proPO diamati dengan metode qRT-PCR. Indeks fagositosis (IF) dan TPP menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada hari ke-10. THC, AF, aktivitas SOD dan aktivitas PO mengalami peningkatan signifikan pada hari ke-15, begitu juga dengan ekspresi gen LGBP, toll, lectin dan proPO. Gen toll mengalami peningkatan ekspresi paling tinggi yaitu 13,9 kali dibanding kontrol. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak alginat dari Padina sp. mampu meningkatkan respon imun dan ekspresi gen imun pada udang putih L. vannamei, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai imunostimulan.

Non-spesific immune plays an important role in shrimp immune system. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of alginate extract from Padina sp. on immune respons and expression of genes immune in L. vannamei. White shrimp L. vannamei (20 more or less 2 g) was fed diets containing alginate extract at 0, 2 and 4 g/kg for 15 days. Haemolymph was taken on 0th, 5th, 10th, and 15th days. Total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis activity (PA) and phagocytosis indeks (PI) were measured by microscope. Phenoloxidase activity (PO), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and total protein plasma (TPP) were measured by colorimetry method. LGBP, lectin, toll, and proPO were measured by qRT-PCR method. Phagocytosis indeks (PI) and TPP significantly increased at 10th day. Total hemocyte count (THC), PA, PO, and SOD activity significantly increased at 15th day. The expressions of LGBP, toll, lectin, and proPO elevated. Toll gene had the highest increase by 13,9 comparing to the control treatment. No significant different on PI and TPP. It was concluded that alginate extract from Padina sp. elevates immune respons and expression of immune genes in L. vannamei, so it might be applied as an immunostimulant.

Kata Kunci : alginat, imun udang, imun non-spesifik, pattern recogniton receptor