Pengaruh perilaku kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kualitas kehidupan kerja (Quality of Work Life-QWL)

PRAKARSA, Henu, Dr. Djamaludin Ancok, MA

2002 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang bagaimma perilaku pemimpin &pat meninghthn kualitas kehidupan kzqa sebagai saloh mtu kriteria perfor?nansi organisasi atau perusahaan. Searra umum proses daQm organisasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pimpinan. Pemimpin akun men@adapi tiga tan fungun pitu kualitas dari kpemimpinannp, kualitas dari sumber alga manusia, dan kualitas dari hubungan sesama anggota. Pirnpinan juga dihraphn untuk &pt membangun shuktur baru yang lebih modem dan lebih memprhatikan lingkungan pekerjaan serta membentuk sistem mamajemen png jlehi&el, lebih bervariasi dan cepat tanggap. Kualitas kzhidupan kerya (Quality of Work ti$?- QKL) merupkun sahh satu kriteria perybrmansi organisasi yang sangat penting dan menjadi hdasan termpain-w peningbtan efektrvitas, efsiensi k n pmhktivitas perusahaan molt Sink, 1985). Peningkatan QWr, &lam organisasi meruplkun aspek kritis pada manajemen png efektg Pada pihak manajemen, pimpirmn odahh seseorang yang bertanggung jawab untuk dapt memberahyakan her-sumber png a& di organisasi atau perusahaan agar tercip&np sinergi derni tercapin-va perfonnnsi perusahaan png baik untuk kehgsungan hidup prusahaan atau organisasi itu sendiri. Atas &sar pemikiran di a&s, nwrk7 disuswhh tesis png berjudul “Pengaruh Pmkw Keptvnhpinan T~onnasbnal Terhaddp Kualircrs Kehidupan Kqja (Qua&@ of Work Life - QWZ)” Blam penelitian ini, perihku tipe kepemimpinan transformasional didasarh atas pendapt Bass &n Awlio (1990), seabngkun penelaahan mengenai Q WL didasarkan atas pendapt Pferflm dan Goodstein (I 984). Met& penelitian png digunah adalah metada desbipx metoda validity abn reliability, dan metoda analisis multiregresi. Variabel independen aahlah tipe kepemimpinan transybrmasional dan Variabel depndennp adalah kualitas kehidupan kerja. Responden yang diarnbil dengan m e e sampling purposive sebanpk 62 orang png merupakan kutpmn PT. Nitro Materials Indonesia. Data yang digunahn adahh data yang berasal kuesioner dan studi literatur. Hasil perhimgan menunjuh bahwa perilaku tip hpmiinrpinan transformasional mempengaruhi secara psifiykuali&s khidupn kerja. Variabel independen Tipe Kepemimpinan Tmnsfom&nal pttg ierbukti berpenganrh secara linier positifdalam arti dapt meningkathm -litas Kehidupn Kerja - Kondisi (QWL-C) adblah wriabel inde-n Perilbku Inspirasi png Memotiwsi dan Kharismatik (XI), Perilaku Pengad melalui Idealisme (X2), dan Perilaku Stimulasi Intelektual (X3) dan mernpunpi ~4 sebesar 36.2%. Variabel independen Tipe Kepemimpinon Transformasional yang terbukti berpngaruh secara linier positif dalam arti dapt rneninghthn Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja - Perasaan (Q WL-Fj adahh wriabel independen Perilaku Inspirasi yang Mernotiwsi dan xharismatik (XI), Perihku Stimulasi Intelektual (X3), dan Konsiderasi Kelompok (X’) dan mempunpi ~4 sebesar 40,2%.

This research talked about how the leader behavior could increase one of organization or company performance criteria, quality of work life (QWL). Generally, its leader influences organizational processes. Leader will faces three challenges, there are; quality of leadership, quality of human resource and quality of relationship between members. The leader could develop a new structure which more modern, more attention to hisher worker's environment, and buildflexible, more variety and responsive management system. Quality of work life (QWL) is one of the organization's performance criteria, which is the base to increase organizations eflectively, eflciently, and productivity (Scott Sink, 1985). Increasing QWL in organization is a critical aspect of effective management. At management side, leader is a man who has responsible in empowering organization's resources to create synergy for good organization performance achievement and to survive. Because of that, writer tries to compile the thesis titled "The Influence of Transformational Leadership Behavior to Quality of Work Lve (Qm"). In this research, transformational leadership behavior variables are based porn Bass and Avolio (I 990), and for Q WL variables are taken #om Pfeiffer and Gooaktein (I 984). This research conducts a validity and reliability analysis, multi regression linear and descriptive methods. The independent variable is Transformational Leadership and the dependent variable is quality of work life (QWL). Sixty-two persons are taken porn PT. Nitto Materials Indonesia employees as respondents, with sampling purposive technique. The doto used are collected through questionnaire and literature study. The results show that transformational leadership behavior has positive influenced to Q WL. The independent MriablesjFom transformational leadership which have influenced in increasing Quality of Work Lije - Conditions (Q WL-C) are independent variable inspirational motivation and charismatic behavior (XI), idealized infruence behavior W2), and intellectual stimulation behavior (X3) and have 2d/as much as 36,2%. me independent variablesfiom transformational leadership which have influenced in increasing quality of work life - fieling (Q WL-F) are independent variable inspirational motivation and charismatic behavior (XI), intellectual stimulation behavior (X3), and group consideration (X5) and have R'odJ as much as 40,2%.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia,Perilaku Kepemimpinan,Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja, Transformational Leadership & Quality of Work Lye (QW)